ABSTRACT With the expansion of inefficient tissues, "Urban regeneration" has been objectified as a solution for developing cities in different physical, social and economic dimensions. Despite the development of the guidelines for urban regeneration projects, these projects in Iran still have challenges in the stage of realization and implementation. This article aims to identify the "challenges and causes of non-realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran" and analyse the research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach. For this purpose, a meta-analysis of 23 articles in the field of problems of urban regeneration projects in Iran was carried out. The challenges raised in the AtlasTI software were extracted with the help of open and axial coding. In the following, 100 codes were determined in the form of 10 groups or general categories. In the end, the obstacles to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran were given. According to the obtained results, the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional and management problems, and the weakness of participation are the four most important and frequent challenges in the research related to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran Extended Abstract Introduction The trend of urban population growth and the expansion of inefficient urban fabrics along with the increasing immigrant population to the cities makes the planners think of filling the existing urban fabrics with excessive density and land use change, instead of the city horizontal development with regard to the urban sustainable development prism. Poor housing, low per capita services, lack of necessary infrastructure, low quality of life, economic stagnation and functional inefficiency, unorganized physical-spatial structure, high vulnerability to earthquakes, loss of social status, and various social problems exemplify the typical challenges of such deteriorated areas. Deterioration of the urban fabric has prompted the emergence of various urban development policies among which regeneration as an overarching approach characterized by its economic, social, environmental, physical, ecological dimensions and components including quality of life, justice, revitalization and participation. This concept, as an urban development policy, has been defined and applied in the vulnerable and deteriorated areas of cities in recent years. Started from physical redevelopment in the Second World War and passing through policies concentrated on social and economic welfare, urban regeneration policies moved towards the participation of local residents and the creation of sustainable places in recent decades. However, taking into consideration the MANIFESTATION challenges of urban development plans, in the existing literature, urban regeneration challenges have been less comprehensively investigated. This paper aims to identify the "challenges and causes of lack of urban regeneration plans MANIFESTATION in Iran" based on the review and analysis of the research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach in response to this question: "What are the challenges and obstacles to the MANIFESTATION of urban regeneration projects in Iran?”   Methodology This research aims to identify "challenges and obstacles to the MANIFESTATION of urban regeneration projects in Iran" through a meta-analysis of the research conducted in this field. Conducting a systematic search in Magiran, comprehensive humanities portal, and Google Scholar databases using the Boolean logic search used the keyword (challenges) AND key phrases (‘MANIFESTATION of plans’ AND ‘urban regeneration in Iran’) resulted in more than 70 Persian papers, 2 English papers, and 2 English theses. The reviewed studies included research and review papers, case study research, and the special issue of urban regeneration policy of Haft Shahr Journal. The geographical scope of the investigated studies covers the historical contexts of Iran, and metropolises such as Tehran, Tabriz, Shiraz, and Isfahan. Reviewing the abstracts, 23 studies were selected among which the research focusing on the different types of regeneration, and evaluation of urban regeneration indicators were excluded from the research process. To conduct meta-analysis after a comprehensive review of each study, open and focused coding of challenges was done through Atlas.ti software (version 8), and the obstacles to the MANIFESTATION of the plans were extracted. Coding process continued until the saturation was reached. Finally, the 115 codes obtained was reduced to 100 through integrating similar codes. Then, all the codes were categorized into 10 categories, and a comprehensive model of "challenges of MANIFESTATION of urban regeneration projects in Iran" was presented.   Results and discussion Based on the conducted review, the recognized problems with emphasis on the different aspects of urban regeneration projects are: 1) Weak presence of non-governmental organizations (18 codes); 2) Problems of preparing plans (17 codes); 3) Institutional and managerial problems (14 codes); 4) Weakness of participation (13 codes); 5) Duration and financial problems of urban regeneration plans (10 codes); 6) Problems of urban regeneration plans process (8 codes); 7) loss of identity of fabrics in the preparation of the plan (6 codes); 8) Lack of context-oriented approach (7 codes); 9) inefficient evaluation of plans (4 codes); 10) lack of social and specialized training for citizens and officials (3 codes). The lack of endogenous theory and insufficient knowledge of the environment and residents obstacle the MANIFESTATION of urban regeneration plans. Despite pretending the use of non-governmental organizations, the relevant law weaknesses, and the lack of belief in the effectiveness of it has led to disregard of the participation of non-governmental organizations in practice in the process of preparing and implementing development plans resulting in an inadequate context for MANIFESTATION of urban regeneration plans. In addition, the government supervision on NGO’s in the way of achieving independence has also caused limitations for their interplay. In terms of the issues in the preparation of plans, more emphasis on the physical and economic dimensions and the purely physical view, and the lack of attention to the social and cultural consequences, along with the loss of the community identity, are the factors of the failure of the plans to achieve the expected results. The lack of coordination between programs and multiple decision-makers led to the institutional confrontation instead of interaction. In this regard, the necessity of an integrated and comprehensive approach to urban regeneration has been acknowledged in the reviewed studies. NGO’s can play an effective role in communicating with citizens, educating citizens and informing them. It is also necessary to have the participation of the private sector and other organizations involved in the field of urban development in addition to public participation in all steps of preparation, implementation and occupation of projects and development plans. In the absence of a context-oriented approach in the preparation and implementation of urban regeneration plans in Iran with blind imitation of western models and the existence of limited urban infrastructure, following consequences are inevitable: uncertainty in terms of time, cost and site preparation before the implementation of the plan; lack of definition of urban regeneration plans in the different scales, neighborhood, region and city; and the uncertainty of the relationship between these plans and other urban development plans. As such in the current inadequate conditions driving the process of preparing plans, the possibility of implementing new policies and plans, is low and the implemented plans like many other urban development plans in Iran, are inefficient in the absence of the post occupancy evaluation.   Conclusion Based on the results, four priority challenges in the MANIFESTATION of urban regeneration plans in Iran include; the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional and managerial issues, and the weakness of participation. "The weak presence of non-governmental organizations" has been mentioned as the first challenge in most reviewed studies (Ahmadifar et al., 2014). Regarding the "participation of citizens" even though in the set of laws and regulations of sustainable urban regeneration, promotion of citizenship culture, participation, and cooperation of local institutions are highlighted, the residents are not welcomed in practice. On the other hand, the lack of people's participation in the preparation and implementation of plans has made any urban regeneration actions fail or achieve to its partial goals. In this regard, the results of the previous comparative comparisons have shown that the lack of laws and regulations supporting participation in various fields is of the key factors (Nourian and Ariana, 2011, Shafie Dastjerdi and Sadeghi, 2016). The problems of preparing plans, institutional and managerial issues, ranked as the third and fourth issues in this study, have been emphasized in previous studies as well (Kalantari Khalil Abad et al., Pakro and Sattarzadeh, 2014, Izadi et al., 2019). Therefore, prioritizing the challenges raised by experts and determining operational strategies to solve them are issues that can be addressed in future studies.   Keywords Urban regeneration plans, MANIFESTATION, meta-analysis   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.

incarnation theory is one of the most important Christian and Hinduism theological teachings. According to this theory, God as the most Supreme Being incarnates in human appearance. In chapter 11 of Bhagavad Gita (as a part of Mahabharata which is the greatest poem book of wisdom among Hindus), Arjuna asks Krishna (as the 8th avatar of Vishnu) to show him his real and divine face and Krishna who is serving him as a charioteer (in a human form), reveals his real face to him. In Christianity as well, God becomes incarnate on Jesus based on the first verses of Gospel of John. For this reason, visual arts like iconography, architecture and sculpture are sacred in these religions. In Islam, however, according to the verses of holy Quran, "You can never see me", what God replies once Moses asks Him the same request of Arjuna in Bhagavad Gita, one cannot see God. In this paper, incarnation means appearance of God in a human form. In other words, God is manifest in human flesh. But MANIFESTATION just stays opposite to incarnation and stands for appearance of God in signs. For this reason, various parts of Quran are named "verse" (Aieh) or actually signs. Therefore, in comparative study of Christianity and Hinduism to Islam we realize that in Islam, Absolute Quality (God) is never manifest in any form and no incarnation takes place. In return, God speaks of MANIFESTATION in The Heights Surah of Quran. This paper believes that the two different replies to the same request of humans to see God have been the reason for visual arts becoming sacred in some religions like Hinduism and Christianity and iconography which remain in shadow in Islam. While dealing with this issue in the present paper, we try to shed light on differences between Islamic arts on the one side and Christian and Hinduism art on the other. MANIFESTATION of God on the mountain indicates necessity of paying attention to mediators in observing God. In Islamic art, symbols are the very mediators functioning the way the verses of holy Quran do and it should not be overlooked that the word verse in Arabic language means sign. Islamic typology deems the entire universe full of evidence testifying a cause like God. MANIFESTATION principle in Islamic thoughts calls us for observing a view of Divinity’s views in which God has a mirror-like presence. In addition to the hearts of mystics in their mystical experience, this kind of observation has been manifested in Islamic art and architecture leading to creation of an art indebted to world of imagination and its MANIFESTATIONs. In this way, Islamic art is MANIFESTATION of MANIFESTATION because it takes its essence from a universe that is itself a mirror of a farther universe. The main concept of this paper is to put forward theory of MANIFESTATION instead of theory of incarnation. The present paper is based on a historical-analytical methodology in which the attitudes of three great religions on art are comparatively discussed. This paper aims to explain that theology of a variety of religions has a great effect on the form and nature of such religions.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of ocular involvement in patients with tuberculosis (TB) infection.Methods: All patients with a new diagnosis of TB who were referred to Zahedan Tuberculosis Center underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Any cases of known ophthalmic disease or previous ocular involvement were excluded from the study. Prevalence of ocular involvement with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated.Results: Out of 444 eyes of 222 TB patients, 19 eyes (4.3%, 95% CI: 2.6-6.6%) of 17 patients (7.7%, 95% CI: 4.5-12.0%) had some ophthalmic lesions ascribable to TB. The most frequent ophthalmic lesions were choroidal tubercles in 4 eyes (21.1%); interstitial keratitis and acute iritis each in 3 eyes (15.8%); chorioretinitis, peripapillary nodule and lid lupus vulgaris each in 2 eyes (10.5%); and retinal vasculitis, vitritis and lateral rectus paresis each in one eye (5.3%).The ocular Involvement was unilateral in 88.2%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only the duration of TB before treatment had direct correlation with ocular involvement (odds ratio=5.22, 95% CI: 1.57-17.35).Conclusion: The frequency of ocular involvement in TB in the study population is at least 3 times greater than other countries. Early treatment of TB can reduce ocular involvement and prevent other complications of the disease.

In this article holy MANIFESTATION of numbers as the symbols in mysticism and myth have, been taken in to account in three maslerpieces of persian poetical literature: Ferdowsi"s Shahnameh (in 5th century) Nizami"s khamseh (in 6th century) (and Atar"s Mantegh-Al-Teyr, (in 6th century) and at the same time,the various faces of mystical and mythical numbers have been compared with myth of Iran and those of India, China, Egypt and Greece ,... and also with some religions of before Islam. The Items discussed in this article are: Survey of numbers as a symbols ,in myths. of Iran India, China,. Egypt and Greece. Holy MANIFESTATIONs of numbers like three, six, seven, thirty, fourty and numerical measurements of myth and etc. All of these. cases have been taken in to the .stories like Gilgame"s Yosef Yaqub, Musa and Eylia-ye-nabi. And at last, all of these cases have been corresponded with some evidences of these aforementioned texts.

The best MANIFESTATION of worshiping is emerged in praying which is a kind of direct and straight relation with God. Praying is a link between the earth and heaven that has a mystical nature so that the ancient and modern writers and poets could demonstrate a type of mystical experience in explaining philosophy. This paper presents some examples of such a divine experience in various remarks and in addition, it reveals some MANIFESTATIONs of the common spiritual links with unanimous substances. What has been stated in the most ancient mystical literature such as Kashfol Mahjoub, Mersadol Ebaad, and Mesbahol Hedayah, represented by Ibn Arabi and Ghazali, has been depicted in the contemporary poets some samples of which will be presented in the paper.

Inborn errors of organic acid metabolism are relatively recently recognized diseases with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms: ranging from asymptomatic, normal appearing children to death during first few days of life. In my presentation I will try to explain some of the most common clinical presentation of these disorder with stress on neurologic findings. Organic acidemia usually have three clinical MANIFESTATIONs Severe neonatal form, Intermittent late-onset form and chronic progressive form. Recurrent coma, The main feature of these disorders is due to accumulation of toxic metabolites in Central Nervous system with direct effect on the function, while chronic accumulation of these materials may interfere with CNS development or cerebral metabolism leading to developmental delay. Severe neonatal forms Following a symptom free interval of a few days from birth, poor sucking and difficult feeding appears in the newborn, followed by unexplained and progressive coma. Seizures may appear during the course of the disease and EEG may show a burst-suppression pattern. During this stage most infants have axial hypotonia with peripheral dystonia, choreoathetosis, episodic opisthotonus and some repetitive bicycling and boxing movements. Associated biochemical abnormalities including metabolic acidosis, ketonuria and hyperammonemia also is usually present. The overall short-term prognosis with recent advances in medical care is improving. But later in life acute intercurrent episodes triggered by a stress often occur, which can be occasionally fatal. bulging fontanelle and cerebral edema may mimic CNS infection in these babies. Intermittent late-onset forms Recurrent attacks of coma or lethargy with ataxia can occur in childhood or even in adolescence or adulthood. These episodes may be frequent, though in between these the child is entirely normal. These attacks are precipitated by conditions that enhance protein catabolism (trauma, infection etc). Sometimes these episodes can lead to death or severe sequel. Seizure disorder is one of these sequels which is generalized in type with myoclonic seizure in infancy and childhood and later tonic-clonic and atypical absence seizures predominate.Also many of the survivors have acute or progressive extra pyramidal syndrome due to bilateral necrosis of basal ganglia. Chronic progressive forms Non specific Developmental delay, hypotonia, muscular weakness, microcephaly and seizures are rarely the only revealing signs in organic acidemia without any acute presentation. Seizures may become refractory to Anti Epileptic Drugs. In addition many asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infants have been identified during tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening program. Cognitive deterioration associated with movement disorder such as dystonia or chorea may be caused by any form of organic aciduria.

Cutaneous disorders are the most common MANIFESTATIONs of HIV infection in both children and adults. The spectrum of these MANIFESTATIONs includes infection, neoplasm, drug reactions, nonspecific exanthemas and skin changes associated with nutritional deficits. Mucocutaneous candidiasis, herpetic gingivostomatitis and severe bacteriemia.

Dupuytren's contracture is a rare disease in 5thto 7th decades and is common in men. This case was an eighteen years old woman, with nodules in bases of 2nd & 3rd fingers from 9 years ego, and progressive weakness and atrophy in left upper limb, and flexion contracture in same fingers that referred to electrodiagnosis.