ROS detoxification is an essential process in protecting plant cells and their organelles, which is caused by ROS generated in stress condition. Peroxidase (POD) isozyme, MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) content, and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity are the indicators of plants for measuring pollution effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate Cd-induced stress on POD isozymes, MDA content, and APX activity in seedlings of Berberis integerrima and Cercis siliquastrum.100 seedlings were treated with cadmium chloride separately at concentrations of 0, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 mg/kg three times at intervals of 15 days. POD activity varied at different levels of Cd stress Cercis siliquastrum, while this was not the case with Berberis integerrima. MDA was slightly increased up to 6000 mg/kg from 5% to 27%, but a sharp increase (41%) was found at 6000 mg/kg compared with 4000 mg/kg Cd treatment in Cercis siliquastrum. The highest MDA content (10.5 mM/ g FW) was recorded at 6000 mg/kg trearment in Berberis integerrima, while the lowest value (2.3 mM/ g FW) was found in control Cercis siliquastrum plants. The maximum and minimum APX activity were found in the treatments of 6000 mg/kg (0.13 unit/mg protein) and control (0.02 unit/mg protein), respectively, for both Cercis siliquastrum and Berberis integerrima. In control Berberis integerrima, APX activity (0.02 unit/mg protein) was higher than that of Cercis siliquastrum (0.006 unit/mg protein) (p˂0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that Berberis integerrima is less tolerant than Cercis siliquastrum under Cd-induced stress.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Considering the possible effects of sesamin, the most important sesame lignan, on the prevention of metabolic disorders leading to diabetes, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of sesamin supplementation on glycemic indices, serum levels of lipid profile and MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) in patients with type II diabetes. METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 44 patients with type II diabetes referring to the endocrine clinic of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran (IRCT: 2014061818134N1). Patients were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. Patients of the intervention group received a daily dose of sesamin (200 mg capsules), and control subjects were administered with an equivalent dose of placebo. Anthropometric indices, fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin level, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) levels were evaluated before and eight weeks after the intervention. FINDINGS: Comparison of different indices before and after the intervention indicated that sesamin significantly decreased the serum levels of FBS (138.59±36.89 versus 172.50±53.9 mg/dl) (p=0.016), HbA1c (7.51±1.14% versus 8.28±1.55%) (p=0.002), TC (141.50±29.03 versus 164.54±45.96 mg/dl) (p=0.015), and LDL-C (73.86±18.34 versus 89.22±32.96 mg/dl) (p=0.008) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Moreover, after eight weeks of sesamin treatment in the intervention group, a significant reduction was observed in TG (139.04±78.46 versus 168.31±68.45 mg/dl) (p=0.021), MDA (1.93±0.30 versus 2.21±0.55 μmol/L) (p=0.023), waist circumference (101.65±9.78 versus 103.77±10.84 cm) (p=0.006), and body adiposity index (34.90±5.68 versus 36.02±5.56) (p=0.000). No significant differences were observed in the other studied variables.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, daily administration of sesamin (200 mg) significantly improved the glycemic index, lipid profile, and serum MDA levels in type II diabetic patients. Therefore, sesamin could be effective in the prevention and control of type II diabetes complications.

Background: Lipid peroxidation is a prominent manifestation of free radical activity in biological systems, and it is involved in the development of different diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular and liver diseases. MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) is globally recognized as a scientifically accepted biomarker of oxidative stress. Due to the significance of MDA as a marker of lipid peroxidation and because of its elevations in various diseases, the assessment of MDA with new and reliable assays, the development of a fast, sensitive, and selective method to detect MDA with simple instruments is necessary. Methods: This study used the electro polymerization of a low toxic and biocompatible polymer with entitle poly arginine-graphene quantum dots-chitosan (PARG-GQDs-CS) as a novel strategy for surface modification of glassy carbon (GC) surface and preparation a new interface for measurement of MDA in human exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Nanocomposite PARG/CS/GQDs the method of precipitation out of place (ex situ) on the electrode surface was prepared. To verify sequestration nanobiopolymer synthesized Scanning electron microscope images (SEM) were recorded. To identify and study the behavior of MALONDIALDEHYDE electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used. Results: The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated immobilization of uniformly CS and GQDs onto PARG film. The modified electrode appeared as an effective electro activity for detection of MDA. Under the optimized analysis conditions and physiological pH, the prepared sensor showed one oxidation processes for MDA at potentials about 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl with a low limit of quantification (LLOQ) 5. 94 nM. Conclusion: The Glassy carbon electrod modified by poly-arginine/chitosan/graphene quantum dots, has good electrical activity for Electro-oxidation MALONDIALDEHYDE that could be due to synergistic effect poly-arginine, graphene quantum dots and chitosan to create many active sites for this purpose.

Salinity stress is one of the main obstacles in crop production in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Plants' ability to neutralize the effect of salinity largely depends on the internal state K+ and Na+. In fact, maintaining high K+/Na+ ratio in Cytosol is a key element for tolerance to salinity. Rice, one of the most important food crops, a primary food source for more than one-third of the world’ s population. Rice is sensitive to salinity stress, so that, salt effects will extensively damage rice metabolic activities. This study has presented the effects of salinity on some physiological characteristics and genes expression patterns that coded for a number of ion channels in rice. In order to seed germination, the seeds of some cultivar (IR29, Sangtarom, and Jelodar) sterilized and then were placed in germinator. Salinity treatment (120 mM NaCl) were applied 14 days after culture. The leaf and root samples were collected at six time-courses (0, 6, 24, 72, 120 and 168 hours) after sodium chloride stress. Results of physiological assessments showed that the effects of genotype, sampling period and their interactions were significant at 1% level of probability on all measured traits including MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and proline contents. The concentration of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid of leaves were reduced in early hours of encountering with stress and then increasing the hours of stress, leaf thickness (leaf rolling) caused chlorophyll per leaf unit and increases the amount of chlorophyll. The measurement of MDA in the leaves showed that the greatest increase occurred in sensitive cultivar (IR29). Proline content analysis showed that there was no significant difference between proline content of sensitive and tolerant cultivars under normal condition (no stress), but by exposure to salinity stress, proline content was increased in susceptible more than tolerant cultivar. Proline content in Sangtaroom, as a salt tolerant genotype, has significantly increased in comparison with the control cultivar in 72, 120 and 168 (h) times. Consequently, the responses of sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars to the salinity stress are different from each other and measuring of some parameters such as MDA, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and proline can help to improve the salt tolerance of plants.

Background: Diabetes Disease and chronic High BS cause an increase in free radicals. Stress oxidative has an important role on the effects on diabetes in short term and long term. This study assesses some oxidant and anti –oxidant markers in diabetics patient with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar.Method: 127 patients with diabetes type 2 using BS reducing medicines (67 patients with controlled diabetes and 63 patients with uncontrolled BS) are the samples of this study.Clinical assessment contains height, weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Biochemistry assessment contains FBS, glycolized hemoglobin, Malonyldialdehyde is serum Catalase and dismutase super anti- oxidant enzyme’s functions. To analyzing the data spss (11) and to compare the data of two groups t-test in used.Results: In uncontrolled diabetic patients type 2, Malonyldialdehyde’s mean in serum (2.01±0.88) was significantly upper than controlled diabetics (1.63±1.01) (p=0.03). In controlled diabetic patients Catalas’s function mean (148.126±42.50) was upper and dismutase super oxidase.(1159.38±244.31) was lower than controlled diabetes patients (catalas: 136.95 ± 39.85, dismutase super oxidant: 1171.69±229.45), these differences are not statistically meaning full.Conclusion: Malonyldialdehyde in serum in uncontrolled diabetic patients, so uncontrolled diabetes type 2 and chronic high BS, lipid peroxidation increases. The function of catalase in response to free radicals increases, but may decrease as a effect of free radicals, like decrease of dismutase super oxide.

Due to the range of its constituents, colostrum has been considered as a supplement for various diverse purposes. This study was conducted to examine the effect of supplementary bovine colostrum on serum MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA), antioxidant activity (AOA) and glucose in a diabetic rodent model. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups of six rats each for 40 days as follows: non-diabetic; diabetic; diabetic with 10%, 20% or 30% colostrum intake; non-diabetic with 10%, 20% or 30% colostrum intake; diabetic treated with insulin; and diabetic treated with glibenclamide. Although serum MDA levels showed a significant decrease in response to insulin (2.56 ± 0.31 mmol/L) and 10%, 20% or 30% colostrum intake (0.46 ± 0.04, 0.29 ± 0.06, 0.37 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively), the decrease was greater in the diabetic rats (3.92 ± 0.29 mmol/L) (p< 0.01). Significant changes were seen in the AOA of both insulin (0.78 ± 0.11 mmol/L) and glibenclamide (0.7 ± 0.08 mmol/L) treated rats compared to the diabetic rats (0.69 ± 0.1 mmol/L); however, AOA showed a significant increase in response to 10% (1.78 ± 0.11 mmol/L), 20% (1.57 ± 0.02 mmol/L) and 30% (1.75 ± 0.02 mmol/L) colostrum (p<0.001). All treated groups showed a significant decrease in serum glucose levels compared to the diabetic group (391 ± 39.79 mg/dL) (p<0.01). It seems that colostrum might be a beneficial dietary supplement for reducing serum MDA and glucose levels while increasing serum AOA in type1 diabetes mellitus.

Background and Objectives: Active oxygen species (ROS) are direct or indirect causes of cell damage. Continuously active heart muscle as an oxidative tissue is one of the tissues susceptible to oxidative damage. MALONDIALDEHYDE is one of the lipid peroxidation products, which is considered in the studies as an indicator of oxidative damage level. Crocin is also a carotenoid extracted from Saffron, which can affect the damage level with its antioxidant properties. In this study, the effect of crocin supplementation on the alteration of MALONDIALDEHYDE and catalase cardiomyocyte, was investigated in male rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. Methods: In this study, 32 male Wistar rats (mean weight, 180± 20g) were randomly divided into four groups including: control, sham (saline injections), hydrogen peroxide, and Crocin and Hydrogen peroxide. For induction of oxidative stress in the H2O2 groups, 1mmol/kg H2O2, was injected to the rats intraperitoneally every other days for 3 weeks, and in the supplement group, the rats intraperitoneally received 12. 5mg/kg of crocin, every days. The alteration of MDA and CAT, was performed by ELISA technique. Data analysis was performed using one way ANOVA and Scheffe test. Results: In this study, induction of H2O2 caused a significant increase in MALONDIALDEHYDE and a significant decrease in the activity of catalase enzyme, and crocin consumption led to a significant reduction in MALONDIALDEHYDE and significant increase in the activity of catalase enzyme in the heart tissue (p<0. 01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that supplementation with crocin leads to strengthening of antioxidant system and reduction of oxidative stress damages.

Introduction: The neurological damage caused by s troke is a leading cause of severe longterm disability. The production of ideal drugs in the treatment of s troke is s till a major problem. The aim of the present s tudy was to inves tigate some protective effects of cherry extract agains t oxidative s tress and edema volume caused by s troke. Materials and Methods: In this experimental s tudy, male Wis tar rats were used; including 2 control groups of saline, 2 sham groups, 2 non-treated s troke groups, and s troke groups received cherry extract at doses of 175, 200, and 225 mg/kg/day. After 30 days of oral gavage of the extract, the animals were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion for one hour. After 24 hours of reperfusion, the MALONDIALDEHYDE level, catalase activity, and edema volume of the cortex and the sub-cortical tissue were inves tigated. Results: Cherry extract at doses of 175 and 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the level of MALONDIALDEHYDE and edema volume in the cortex and subcortex. This extract at a dose of 225 mg/kg significantly reduced the level of MALONDIALDEHYDE in the cortex and sub-cortical tissue and significantly decreased the volume of edema in the cortex. Besides, cherry extract at 175 mg/kg increased catalase activity in both cortical and subcortical regions. Conclusion: The s tudy showed that oral adminis tration of the cherry extract exerts neuroprotective effects agains t oxidative s tress and the edema formation resulted from middle cerebral artery occlusion s troke model in a dose-dependent manner.

Background: Regular exercise can alleviate oxidative stress. There are no studies examining changes in this variable as a result of an intense acute taekwondo (TKD) exercise. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of one bout of intense TKD exercise on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) in adolescent female taekwondokas. Methods: Ten adolescent female taekwondokas (age: 13. 71 2. 05 years; bodymassindex: 19. 75 2. 83kg/m2) voluntarily participated in the present study. They performed one bout of intense TKD protocol. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise. Then, SOD, GPx, CAT, TAC, and MDA were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Plasma volume was corrected using the Dill and Costill equation. Data were analyzed using a paired-sample t test. The significance level was set at P < 0. 05. Results: The results revealed that CAT activity (P = 0. 043) and serum TAC level (P = 0. 039) significantly increased after TKD exercise. However, no significant change was found in SOD (P = 0. 414), GPx activity (P = 0. 196), and MDA levels (P = 0. 377) immediately after exercise. Conclusions: Collectively, lipid peroxidation did not occur after one bout of intense TKD exercise in adolescent girls, which may be due to increased TAC levels and the activity of the CAT enzyme.