Portulaca oleracea L. belongs to Portulacaceae order. From the physiological point of view, P. oleracea L., generally known as ragwed, has a very high tolerance and compatibility to the environments polluted with salts or heavy metals. It is considered as a suitable species in planting as well as in refining soil and environment from these kinds of stresses. According to these contexts and in order to show the effects of two heavy metals, lead and copper, on MALONDIALDEHYDE, proline and antioxidant enzymes activity some experiments were performed in a completely randomized design. For this purpose, plants were planted in sterile bed, leca, irrigated with Hogland nutrient solotion. Treatments included different concentrations of Pb (NO3) 2 and CuSO4.5H2O (0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 1500 mM) with three replications. After ten days of treatment, plants were harvested for experiments. According to the results, an increased absorption of lead and copper was recoreded at high concentrations compared to the control treatment. The amount of atomic absorption of these two elements in roots was more than that of shoots. Stress increased significantly at high concentrations compared to the control. The amount of proline showed a significant upward trend in both lead and copper stress as well as in both roots and shoots. Peroxidase activity showed a significant upward trend in both lead and copper stress as well as in both shoots and roots while a significant downward trend was recorded for catalase activity. In general, a higher amount of MALONDIALDEHYDE, proline and peroxidase activity was obtained in root samples comperd to shoot samples, indicating the role of root as the main accumulator of heavy metals, lead and copper. The lower catalase activity in roots compared to shoots proved enzyme sensitivity towards high Pb and Cu accumulation in roots.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silymarin supplementation and endurance training on the levels of MDA in sedentary men.Methods: The research was semi-experimental, and 19 subjects were selected form all sedentary male students of Shahroud university, and after obtaining consent, subjects were randomly divided into intervention group (n = 11) and placebo group (n = 8). For 6 weeks, both groups received either Silymarin supplements or placebo, along with endurance training. Blood samples were collected before and after receiving training and supplement for measuring lipid peroxidation. Data was analyzed using SPSS16 software and repeated measure analysis of variance (2×2).Results: Silymarin supplementation along with endurance training caused a significant reduction in plasma MDA levels in supplement groups as compared with placebo group (P≤0.012).Conclusions: Receiving endurance training along with silymarin supplement caused significant reduction of lipid peroxidation comparing with placebo group. It seems that the type, duration and intensity of exercise along with the dose of Silymarin supplement intake could affect MDA index.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value on distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) examination with MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) levels in a diabetic rat model. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 25 rats. The samples were divided into 5 groups (days of confirmed diabetes): group 1 (control/non-treatment),group 2 (3 days),group 3 (6 days),group 4 (9 days),and group 5 (12 days). Samples that confirmed diabetes were assessed by DPOAE examination and subjected to MDA-level examination. The data were processed using SPSS and considered significant if p <0. 05. Results: The study showed a decrease in SNR values and an increase in MDA levels for the rats, which was confirmed by diabetes. The most significant result was shown by group 5, which compared to the other diabetes groups. A post hoc test showed the significant difference SNR value in each group (p<0. 05),except for groups 1 and 2, the MDA levels showed significant differences for all groups. The Pearson correlation test showed a negative correlation between SNR values and MDA levels. A significant correlation between SNR values and MDA levels was found in group 5. Conclusions: The study showed a correlation of SNR values from DPOAE examination to MDA levels in diabetes rats, indicating that there has been tissue damage (cochlea), which is characterized by a decrease in the SNR value.

Background: There is evidence for a bidirectional association between obesity and depression, and obesity is the main risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to compare oxidative stress and MetS features between depressed and non-depressed obese women and study the association of depressive symptoms, oxidative stress, and components of MetS. Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Tabriz (East Azarbaijan, Iran), obese women (body mass index [BMI]: 30-40 kg/m2) with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD,based on diagnostic interview with a psychiatrist,n = 75) and their age-matched nondepressed controls (n = 150) were enrolled. Beck Depression Inventory-version II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms in both groups. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile and MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) were measured. Results: No significant differences in anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were observed between the two groups. However, FBS of the MDD group was significantly higher than the control (P < 0. 05). FBS was significantly correlated with BDI-II scores (r = 0. 158, P = 0. 017). No significant difference in lipid profile was observed between the groups. Serum MDA level was significantly lower in the MDD group and was inversely associated with BDI-II scores (r =-0. 328, P < 0. 001). Overall, MDD was not significantly associated with MetS in our study (OR = 0. 848, 95% CI: 0. 484, 1. 487,P = 0. 566). Conclusion: Although we found a correlation between higher depressive symptoms and some adverse metabolic outcomes, our findings do not support a significant association between MDD and MetS.

Background: Varicocele is one of the most common reasons for male infertility and could impair spermatogenesis through mechanisms that are not well known. Recently, oxidative stress has been introduced as a major reason for male infertility caused by varicocele.Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to assess the TAC (total antioxidant capacity) and MDA (MALONDIALDEHYDE) as stress oxidative markers in infertile men with varicocele and fertile men, and moreover, their correlation with sperm parameters.Patients and Methods: This case control study was performed on 43 infertilemen with varicocele and 46men with proven fertility.The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction methods were used for seminal plasma TAC and MDA assay, respectively.Results: Lower TAC levels (1.70.2 vs.1.30.4 mmol/L, P=0.0004) and higherMDAlevels (2.51.1 vs.5.81.9 mmol/L, P<0.0001) were observed in infertile men with varicocele compared to fertile men. There was no correlation between TAC and MDA in fertile men (r=0.02, P=0.9), however, a negative correlation was found between TAC andMDAlevels in varicocele infertilemen (r=-0.44, P =0.003). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between sperm count and sperm motility with TAC levels in varicocele infertile men (r=0.4, P=0.02 and r=0.6, P<0.0001, respectively). There was a correlation between sperm motility and TAC levels in fertile men (r=0.5, P=0.001), but other parameters did not correlate with TAC in this group. A negative correlation was shown between semen volume, sperm count, total sperm, sperm motility, and sperm morphology with MDA levels in varicocele infertile men (r= 0.3, P=0.045; r=-0.4, P=0.009; r=-0.5, P=0.002; r=-0.5, P=0.001 and r=-0.4, P=0.008, respectively). There was no correlation between these parameters and MDA in fertile men.Conclusions: Our findings indicated that oxidative stress could play an essential role in male infertility caused by varicocele and may impair spermatogenesis leading to infertility.

Objective: Interferon-alpha (IFNa) is a cytokine with various biological roles but it may induce psychological adverse effects. Introducing alternative medicine is essential to prevent this side effect. This study was performed to determine the antidepressant effects of creatine (Crt) and α-lipoic acid (ALA). Materials and Methods: Female albino mice (6– 8 weeks old) were used. IFNa (16×10 5   IU/kg/day, SC), Crt (5 and 10  mg/kg, gavage feeding tube), and ALA (20 and 40  mg/kg, IP) were administered for 6  days. After the locomotor test, behavioral parameters of depression, including immobility during the forced swimming test (FST), and finally serum MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) were measured as factors for oxidative stress. Results: There was not important difference regarding the locomotor test. Crt 5  mg/kg and ALA 40  mg/kg when administered alone reduced the immobility time during FST when compared with the control groups (75± 15 and 82± 16  s, respectively, P  <  0. 05). Crt 5  mg/kg and IFN co-administration reduced the immobility time to 108± 23  s, which was lower than that of the IFNa alone group (156± 8  s, P  <  0. 05). Administrating ALA 40  mg/kg and IFNa together showed same results (95± 11  s vs. IFNa alone group, P  <  0. 01). The results of measuring MDA did not show noticeable difference. Conclusion: In general, improvement of behavioral parameters in mice treated with Crt and ALA indicates a clear effect of these two compounds in modulating mood and depressive behaviors. Although MDA level differences were not observed, Crt and ALA modulation in the neurotransmitter system may be involved in their antidepressant effects.

Background: Although exercise can increase free radicals by generating oxidative stress, it also can decrease them by increasing the antioxidant enzymes in the body as well. The purpose of this study is to investigate the eccentric activity on some oxidative and anti-oxidative factors pertaining to blood plasma of PE women immediately after the exercise.Materials and Methods: Sixteen female students have been volunteered in this study randomly divided into two groups including eccentric training group and control group. The blood samples were drawn from the subjects one hour before and immediately after the exercise to measure the reduced Glutathione (GSH), MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The data were analyzed by SPSS-13 software using the one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA test, (to determine the differences between groups) at the confidence level of 90% (p<0.05).Results: The results has shown that the TAC, MDA, GSH levels after the eccentric exercise increased significantly compared to pre-exercise (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.033). The GSH and MDA levels also after the eccentric exercise were significantly higher than the pre-exercise compared to control group.Conclusion: It seems that sever eccentric exercise is an important stimulus making significant changes in body’s anti-oxidative system and has the ability to improve the anti-oxidant capacities too.

Background and Aim: Aging process is associated with an increased free radicals and cellular damage. However, resistance training may cause balance of the oxidative and antioxidant system in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance training(PRT) on MALONDIALDEHYDE(MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase(SOD) enzyme activity in inactive elderly women. Materials and Methods: Twenty six inactive elderly women voluntarily participated in the present research is a descriptive-correlational and applied study. Due to the size of the population (TUMS managers of financial and hospital affairs), sampling was done by census method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with two sections--demographic information and factors affecting outsourcing in hospitals--and was distributed among the subjects. Then, to run descriptive statistics for data analysis, SPSS version 18 was used. Results: Results showed that after eight weeks of progressive resistance training, MDA concentration significantly decreased in the PRT as compared to the control group(p=0. 001). Also, SOD activity in the PRT was significantly increased as compared to the control group(p=0. 002). Conclusion: The present study showed progressive resistance training cause reduction in MALONDIALDEHYDE concentration and increase activity of superoxide dismutase that is an important factor in reducing aging process. Therefore, it seems that the regular resistance training causes to balance the oxidant system and reinforcement the antioxidant system in the body and can play a role in preventing serious damage that was caused by oxidative stress, especially in aging.

Ubiquinone is one of the antioxidants that is prescribed by experts to reduce oxidative damage. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ubiquinone supplementation on some oxidative stress indices in athletes and non-athlete men. In this study, 44 athletic and nonathlete subjects were divided into experimental groups (11 athletes, 11 non-athletes) and controls (11 athletes and 11 non-athletes). First, were taken 5 ml of venous blood. Then, for two weeks a day, 2. 5 mg/kg ubiquinone was administered and after 2 weeks, was performed a second stage blood sampling. Serum total antioxidant capacity in non-athletes before taking ubiquinone was 0. 84± 0. 68 and after taking ubiquinone was 1. 01± 0. 86 mmo/ml (P≤ 0. 05). Amount of MALONDIALDEHYDE, before taking ubiquinone was 2. 54± 0. 28 and after taking ubiquinone was 2. 54± 0. 28 nm ml (P≥ 0. 05). Also in athlete’ s mean capacity antioxidation before taking ubiquinone was 0. 72± 0. 18 and after ubiquinone was 0. 85± 0. 34 mmol per ml (P≤ 0. 05) and MALONDIALDEHYDE before taking ubiquinone was 1. 68± 0. 58 and after taking ubiquinone was 1. 64± 0. 36 nmol/ml (P≥ 0. 05). Consumption of ubiquinone can cause increase antioxidant capacity in athletes and non-athletes. It should be noted that basal levels of total antioxidant capacity and MALONDIALDEHYDE levels were higher in non-athletes than athletes.