Background and Objectives: Age-related cataract is the main cause of blindness and visual impairment throughout the world. Biochemical evidences suggest that oxidative stress caused accumulation of free radicals is involved in the pathogenesis of the cataract. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the use of vitamin supplements, especially vitamin E, reduces risk of the cataract. The study was carried out to measure the plasma levels of vitamin E and MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA), the marker of oxidative stress, in subjects suffering from cataract and to show any relationship between the parameters and body mass index (BMI) in the patients and controls. Materials and Methods: Plasma levels of Vitamin E and MDA were measured in 100 patients (55 males and 45 females) with cataract and results were compared with those obtained from 100 sex- and age-matched apparently healthy individuals as control group. The correlations between the measured parameters and BMI were evaluated. The plasma levels of vitamin E were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and that of MDA by spectrophotometry method using thiobarbituric acid reaction. Results: Comparing the mean plasma levels of vitamin E in the patients (8.86, µg/ml) with those of controls (9.87, µg/ml), significant reduction (P<0.05) was observed in the patients. Marked elevation in the plasma levels of MDA in the patients (2.71, µmol/L) in comparison with those of controls (2.17, µmol/l) was found (P<0.05). Correlation coefficients between vitamin E and BMI in the patients and control group were 0.28 (P<0.01) and 0.45 (P<0.01) respectively, indicating receipt of more vitamin E with high energy intake. Regression coefficients between plasma levels of vitamin E and MDA in patients and controls were r=0.3 (P<0.05) and r=0.45 (P<0.05) respectively. Conclusion: In view of oxidative stress in cataract it can be concluded that supplementary vitamin E may be useful in prevention of cataract in high risk individuals.      

Introduction: According to the statistics, vascular injury occurs during the onset of diabetic changes after the production of several byproducts. Many authorities have focused to find an alternative therapy for diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of natural polyphenol like resveratrol on human endothelial cells exposed to MALONDIALDEHYDE for 48 hours. Methods: Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells were randomly classified into four groups; control, MALONDIALDEHYDE (2. 5 mM), resveratrol (100 μ M), and cells received the combined regime for 48 hours. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. Griess reaction was performed to measure the content of Nitric oxide (NO). Apoptosis was studied by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting assays. Levels of receptor tyrosine kinases like VEGFR-1,-2, Tie-1, and-2 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The affinity of resveratrol and MALONDIALDEHYDE to serum albumin was measured by Surface Plasmon Resonance Assay. Any changes in chromatin remodeling were detected by PCR array analysis. Results: Resveratrol reduced cytotoxicity and NO content inside cells induced by MALONDIALDEHYDE(MDA) (P < 0. 05). Endothelial cell apoptosis was decreased by the reduction of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and increase of Bcl-2 following the incubation with resveratrol (P < 0. 05). MDA-induced receptor tyrosine kinases increase was inhibited by resveratrol and reached near-to-normal levels (P < 0. 05). Surface Plasmon Resonance revealed a higher affinity of resveratrol to albumin compared to the MALONDIALDEHYDE-albumin complex. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array revealed the potency of resveratrol in chromatin remodeling following the treatment with MALONDIALDEHYDE (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Based on our findings, resveratrol has the potential to decrease diabetic vascular injury induced by lipid byproducts such as MDA.

Despite very wide variations of MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) concentrations in biological samples, it is still used as a biomarker of oxidative stress in clinical investigations. In the current perspective study, we aimed to summarize a number of critical analytical points for determination of MDA. Technical problems and controversial findings in healthy people and some psychiatric disorders reveal that the reliability of MDA as a biomarker of oxidative stress needs to be re-evaluated by experts.

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of Panax Ginseng on MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) serum levels during eustress on healthy volunteers. Method: In this study, 65 healthy volunteers were recruited from students of a medical school, with the mean age of 22. 61± 3. 63 years. The volunteers were divided into 2 groups: Group A included 35 participants who were treated by Panax Ginseng 500 mg/day, which was regarded as the treated group; group B included 30 participants treated by placebo 500 mg/day, which was regarded as the control group. Baseline data were obtained and then one month after the study, the participants were followed with respect to induction of psychological stress through daily psychomotor performance task and visual working memory accuracy testing. Stress was assessed by MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) serum levels. Results: The participants in the control group showed significant increases in MDA serum levels (p = 0. 0004), which were related to significant increases in perceived stress scale from p<0. 0001, while Panax Ginseng led to significant reduction in MDA serum levels (p<0. 01), with significant increase in perceived stress scale (p = 0. 02). Conclusion: Panax Ginseng produced significant reduction in oxidative stress and augmented eustress level in healthy volunteers 1 month after therapy.

Background: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancers in the world and that use to lifestyle, increasing chemical pollutions, environmental factors and poor nutrition. The most important cause of this cancer is oxidative stress and free radicals so antioxidant activities for the body are so important. The aim of this study was to determine the variation of zinc and (MALONDIALDEHYDE) MDA in BCC patients.Methods: This study has been performed on case and control patients from 2013 to 2014. The samples were col-lected from cell carcinoma patients at Razi Hospital in Tehran, Iran. We evaluated the level of zinc with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. Besides, we evaluated MDA with colorimetric assay.Results: The concentration of MDA was significantly higher in case group in comparison to control group (P=0.001). In addition, case group had lower concentration of zinc than the control group (P=0.000). There was no correlation between MDA and body mass index (BMI) and between zinc and BMI.Conclusion: All the patients with BCC showed a significant MDA serum in comparison with control group. Howev-er, significant decrease in zinc serum of the patients was seen that is because of consuming zinc during oxidative stress process so topical use of zinc in the form of 2+ions could be effective on antioxidant protection against the sun UV radiation.

Background & Aims: Increased energy demand and oxygen consumption lead to oxidative stress by free oxygen species. Various factors can predispose mothers to oxidative stress in pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between premature birth and serum MDA (a marker of oxidative stress) during pregnancy. Materials & Methods: This analytical (case-control) study was conducted on 43 pregnant women in Qaen-Khorasan. Based on health records, the blood sample of the individuals with history of abortion, stillbirth or preterm were taken. The level of MDA was measured by ELISA and was compared with normal pregnant women. Results: In this study, the mean MDA was significantly higher in woman with risk factor (13. 82) compared to women without risk factor (8. 39) (p=0. 001). Also, the level of MDA in woman with a history of abortion (14. 31) was higher in comparison to women with preterm delivery (13. ). Conclusion: These results showed that oxidative stress and the level of MDA can be considered as a risk factor for preterm delivery.

Background: Sialic acid (SA) is presented in all cells membrane of vertebrates, and its level in the human brain is much higher than other body tissues. Studies have shown that, in addition to oxidative stress, increasing the amount of SA can also lead to the development of neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of SA on MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) production levels, as a lipid peroxidation product, in human astroglia. Methods: The human astroglias were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and cells were treated with different doses of SA. MDA was measured using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) protocol, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The production of MDA in treated cells with 200, 500, and 1000 μ g/ml of SA significantly increased compared to the control group. It also significantly increased when the cells were treated with 200 μ g/ml of SA at 12, 16, and 24 hours incubation. Conclusion: Many studies have been conducted on neurological disorders; however their mechanism of occurrence has not yet been fully elucidated. With regard to the role of SA in inflammation, our results suggest that SA can cause pathological conditions and oxidative stress followed by MDA elevation; which is effective in the development of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's. The role of SA and its effects need further studies.

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is an aggressive and multifactorial form of dental caries in children, in which the biomarkers of oxidative stress may increase. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the salivary MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) levels in children with early childhood caries (ECC) and caries-free (CF) children. Methods: To this end, 42 ECC children and 42 CF children, aged 4-6 years, were randomly selected from the kindergartens of four socio-economically different districts of Isfahan. An unstimulated saliva sample was obtained from children fasting during the past night using the spitting method. In the laboratory, theMDAlevels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. An independent-samples t-test was used to examine the differences between the two groups. Results: The mean salivaryMDAlevel was significantly higher in the ECC group than in the CF group (P = 0. 01), and there was no significant relationship between salivaryMDAand gender (P = 0. 44 in the ECC group, P = 0. 30 in the CF group). Moreover, no significant relationship was noticed between MDA with decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft). Conclusions: The findings documented a relationship between ECC and MDA as one of the products of oxidative stress reactions. Accordingly, the MDA level of saliva can be a critical indicator in determining the status of caries in children.