Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic multi-factorial infectious disease characterized by irreversible destruction of collagen fibers and other matrix constituents of the gingival tissues and periodontal ligament, and resorption of alveolar bone around the teeth with periodontal pocket formation. Host response to periodontal disease includes production of different enzymes that are released by stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells associated with cell injury and cell death, including aspartate aminotransferase and Lactate dehydrogenase. The aim of this study was to compare aspartate aminotransferase and Lactate dehydrogenase salivary levels in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis and chronic mild-to-moderate periodontitis and healthy subjects with normal periodontium.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, unstimulated saliva of 25 patients with mild-tomoderate periodontitis, 15 patients with aggressive periodontitis, and 25 subjects with healthy gingiva were collected. The mean aspartate aminotransferase and Lactate dehydrogenase salivary levels were measured by RA-ST autoanalyzer system. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test.Results: The mean levels and standard deviations of Lactate dehydrogenase salivary enzyme in generalized aggressive periodontitis, chronic mild-to-moderate periodontitis and control groups were 1713±88.4, 1492±65.4, 1108±34.5, respectively, with significant differences between the groups (p value<0.05) The mean levels and standard deviations of aspartate aminotransferase salivary enzyme in generalized aggressive periodontitis, chronic mild-to-moderate periodontitis and control groups were 55.46±5.6, 47.04±3.3 and 32.04±2.3, respectively, with significant differences (p value<0.05).Conclusion: Mean levels of aspartate aminotransferase and Lactate dehydrogenase salivary enzymes in periodontal patients were higher than those in healthy subjects and these enzymes can be good markers for determining amount of destruction of periodontal tissues.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intermittent training on Lactate level and Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in Wistar rats. 20 male Wistar rats (mean age 3 months and weight 224± 14 g) were selected and randomly divided into the training (11=10) and control (11=10) groups. The training protocol consisted of running on a treadmill for 4 minutes and then 2 minutes of active rest in J 0 training phases for the experimental group. All rats were anesthetized with a mixture of ketarnine and xylazine 48 hours after the last training session after an overnight fasting. To measure Lactate and (LDH) enzyme activity, blood samples were obtained from their cardiac puncture. Data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation (M±SD) and independent t test. The results showed no significant differences in blood Lactate level between the two groups, but there was a significant difference in LOH enzyme activity between the two groups (P<0.05). These results indicate that intermittent training caused the clearance of Lactate. Enhance of Lactate replenished muscle glycogen and prevented H+ concentration which was produced along with Lactate.

Introduction: Physical activity and age are among the factors affecting Lactate levels and Lactate dehydrogenase activity. Physical activity appears to be able to counterbalance the morphological and metabolic changes associated with aging that decrease physical ability and performance. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of interval training on blood Lactate levels and Lactate dehydrogenase activity in young and old rats Methods & Materials: A total of 40 male rats were selected and then divided into two age groups -the old group (20 rats aged 27 months and weighing 389±31 g) and the young group (20 rats aged 3 months and weighing 224±13 g). Each group was itself randomly divided into an experimental group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). The training protocol involved 4 minutes of running on the treadmill with intervals of 2 minutes active resting in 10 training bouts of 60 minutes, for 6 sessions per week and for 8 weeks and gradually increasing in intensity. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine in order for their blood sample to be collected from their cardiac puncture. Their Lactate levels and (LDH) activity were then measured by an enzymatic method. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test.Results: The results showed no significant differences in blood Lactate levels between the four groups; however, (LDH) activity was significantly higher in the young experimental group than in the young control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results indicate that Lactate is increasingly cleared by interval training. It also appears that the effect of training on Lactate clearance is similar in both young age and old age. Monitoring blood Lactate levels benefits muscle glycogen replenishment and intracellular pH (pHi) regulation.

Background: In this study, we sought to understand the usefulness of salivary Lactate dehydrogenase as a predictive marker for the development of radiation-induced mucositis. Methods: This was a prospective study with head and neck cancer patients who required curative radiotherapy (>60Gy). We collected patients’ saliva before the onset of radiation and after 2 Gy of radiation to assess Lactate dehydrogenase levels. The patients received the stipulated oral and dental care. Data on incidence and severity of mucositis was collected using a preform sheet and oral mucositis assessment scale published by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group throughout the 7-week treatment period. Results: Salivary Lactate dehydrogenase increased with exposure to radiation (P<0. 0001) and there was an observed association with mucositis severity (P<0. 0001; r = 0. 515). Conclusion: The present results have established, for the first time, that salivary Lactate dehydrogenase could be a useful predictive marker to understand the development of radiation-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. The proximity of the oral cavity for regular observation and saliva collection is an added advantage.

Background and Objective: Life style with Low activity and overweight increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study was done to evaluate the effect of ginger supplementation on Lactate dehydrogenase ((LDH)) changes and delayed muscle soreness following exhaustive eccentric exercise on overweight girls. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 22 overweight girls were randomly divided into the two groups including intervention (n=12) and control (n=10) groups. For subjects in interventional group were used a daily supplement of 2 grams of ginger powder, each serving a capsule, containing one gram of ginger powder and subjects in control group were received daily two capsules containing starch, for two weeks. Physical activity was performed consisting of two sessions of exhausting activity (negative tilt on treadmill, one session before supplementation and one session after two weeks of supplementation). Blood samples were measured in order to measure changes in (LDH) in four stages and the use of the pain questionnaire for evaluation of delayed muscular brittleness in both pre and post gingival supplementation. Pain scale (visual analogue scale: VAS) was used to measure the delay fatigue. Results: The results showed that extrinsic exercise increased (LDH) and delayed muscle soreness after exercise (P<0. 05). Also, taking two weeks of ginger supplementation significantly reduced (LDH) and delayed muscle soreness in the supplement group in comparison with controls (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Ginger can reduces the muscle gain and delayed onset muscle soreness resulting from eccentric exercise in overweight girls.