The effects of zinc and cadmium on the growth, mineral composition (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu), and metal accumulation by LUPINe (bluebonnet, LUPINus uncinatus Schldl.) were investigated in a hydroponics experiment. PLANTS were exposed to increasing concentrations of Zn (0, 30, 40, and 50 mM) and Cd (0, 3, 4, and 5 mM) for 1 week. The species showed different patterns of metal accumulation and distribution in the plant parts, suggesting different mechanisms of metal tolerance for each metal. At the highest doses of Zn and Cd, the amounts of metals accumulated in roots, stems, and leaves were 1,289, 1,918, and 1,132 mg kg-1 dry matter and 2,467, 227, and 164 mg kg-1 dry matter, respectively. The shoot:root Zn ratios obtained for 50, 40, and 30 mM treatments were 2.36:1, 2.28:1, and 2.32:1, respectively, whereas the ratio in case of Cd remained <1 for the three Cd treatments. No significant effect on plant dry biomass was observed in either of the cases. Significant changes in plant mineral composition occurred, however, concentrations were generally above the deficiency levels. This suggests that this species may tolerate Cd without its hyperaccumulation and shows exclusion mechanism of Cd tolerance.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of strip cropping and different weed control methods on the yield and yield structure of dent maize, narrow-leafed LUPIN and spring oat. A split-plot design with four replications was conducted in 2008-2010. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method-sole cropping and strip cropping; II. Weed control method-mechanical and chemical. The method of cultivation was considered the main plot and the weed control methods were the sub-plot. Strip cropping significantly increased the maize yield and the percentage share of ears in the total biomass. The seed yield of narrow-leafed LUPIN was significantly higher in strip cropping, but only where mechanical weed control was used. Strip cropping significantly increased the plant density, seed number and weight per plant and 1, 000 seed weight of LUPIN. Oat yield was slightly higher in the strip cropping than in the sole cropping. Strip cropping increased grain number and weight per panicle in the oat. The chemical weed control method was more favourable to the yield of maize, narrow-leaf LUPIN and oat than the mechanical weed control. The land equivalent ratio value (1.06) confirms that the maize/narrow-leafed LUPIN/oat strip cropping was more efficient than the sole cropping.

ENGLISH: The specific changes in antral follicle numbers and wave-like development have remained unrevealed in cyclic ewes fed high-protein, high-energy LUPIN grain for 6 days during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle (i. e., short-term nutritional flushing). This study was mainly conducted to determine ovarian effects of the 6-day LUPIN grain feeding in non-prolific Polish Mountain ewes, using transrectal ovarian ultrasonography and abdominal videoendoscopy. Estrus and ovulations were synchronized in 24 ewes with progestin-releasing intravaginal sponges for 12 days during the middle portion of the breeding season (September-October; 50. 0458° N, 19. 8406° E). Twenty-four ewes were assigned to three equal groups (n=8 each), including the Control group being fed the maintenance diet (i. e., hay-only), Treatment 1 receiving 500 g of LUPIN grain once a day, and Treatment 2 receiving 250 g of LUPIN grain twice a day, from days 9-14 of the synchronized estrous cycle (day 0=first ovulation of the interovulatory period studied). No differences were observed in the mean ovulation rate among the three groups of Polish Mountain ewes (P>0. 05). Ovarian antral follicles emerging in the penultimate wave of the estrous cycle in Treatment 2 ewes had a longer growth phase (P<0. 05) and attained a greater diameter (P<0. 05) before ovulation, in comparison to those in the other two groups. A final wave of the interovulatory interval emerged  1 day earlier in Treatment 2 than in Treatment 1 ewes (P<0. 05). Nutritional supplementation with LUPIN grain increased the number of 3-mm follicles in Treatment 2 ewes (P<0. 05). The results of this study indicated that short-term nutritional flushing with LUPIN grain from mid-to late luteal phase did not consistently enhance ovulatory responses in non-prolific genotypes of ewes. Although the administration of LUPINs altered the timing of wave emergence, ovulatory follicle diameter, or duration of different stages of the follicular lifespan, it failed to increase the number of ovulatory follicles emerging in the penultimate and final waves of the estrous cycle in non-prolific Polish Mountain sheep. FRENCH: Ré sumé : Les changements spé cifiques dans le nombre de follicules antraux et le modè le de dé veloppement en forme de vague chez les brebis cycliques recevant des grains de LUPIN à haute teneur en proté ines et à haute é nergie pendant 6 jours pendant la phase luté ale du cycle oestral (bouffé es nutritionnelles à court terme) restaient inconnus. Le principal objectif de cette expé rience é tait d'utiliser l'é chographie et la vidé oendoscopie ovariennes transrectales pour dé terminer les effets ovariens d'une alimentation de 6 jours au grain de LUPIN chez les brebis de montagne polonaises non prolifiques. Les oestrus et les ovulations de 24 brebis ont é té synchronisé s par l’ insertion pendant 12 jours d’ é ponges intravaginales à libé ration de progestatif au milieu de la saison de reproduction (septembre-octobre; 50, 0458° N, 19, 8406° E). Huit brebis ont reç u le ré gime té moin (foin uniquement), tandis que les groupes nourris au LUPIN (chacun n = 8) ont reç u 500 g de LUPIN une fois par jour (traitement 1) ou 250 g de LUPIN deux fois par jour (Traitement 2), du 9e au 14e jour du cycle synchronisé (jour 0 = premiè re ovulation de la pé riode interovulatoire é tudié e). Il n'y avait aucune diffé rence (P>0, 05) dans le taux d'ovulation moyen entre les trois groupes de brebis de montagne polonaises é tudié es. Les follicules ovariens antraux é mergeant dans l’ avant-derniè re vague du cycle oestral du traitement 2, les brebis ont eu une phase de croissance plus longue (P<0, 05) et ont atteint un diamè tre supé rieur (P<0, 05) avant l'ovulation par rapport aux deux autres groupes d'animaux. Une derniè re vague de l'intervalle interovulatoire est apparue  1 jour plus tô t chez les brebis soumises au traitement 2 comparé au traitement 1 (P <0, 05). La supplé mentation nutritionnelle avec des grains de LUPIN a augmenté (P<0, 05) le nombre de follicules de 3 mm dans les brebis du traitement 2. Les ré sultats actuels indiquent qu’ une complé mentation nutritionnelle à court terme à base de grain de LUPIN durant la phase luté ale moyenne ainsi qu’ à la fin de la phase luté ale n'amé liore pas systé matiquement les ré ponses ovulatoires dans les gé notypes non prolifiques de brebis. Mê me si l'administration de LUPINs a modifié le moment de l'é mergence des vagues, le diamè tre du follicule ovulatoire ou la duré e des diffé rentes é tapes de la vie folliculaire, elle n'a pas ré ussi à augmenter le nombre de follicules ovulatoires é mergeant dans l'avant-derniè re et derniè re vague du cycle oestral chez les moutons de montagne polonais non prolifiques.

In this consideration 36 aromatic plant species depending to labiates (Labiatae) family studied in Mazandaran province. The factors ecological studied in habitats aromatic PLANTS were involved slope percentage, aspect, height, soil of texture, climate, yearly precpitation and temperature mean cover percentage, the best habitat with respect to abundance and density, vegetation types dispersion, companion PLANTS of environmental conditions.Indicator PLANTS of very cold mediterranean climate and over 3000 meter height are betony (Betonica nivea subsp mazandarana), motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca). Indicator PLANTS of sub-dry cold climate (250-300 mm precipitation) are hymenocrater (Hymenocrater calycinus), hedge nettle (Stahys turcomanica), desert rod (Eremostachys macrophylla), (E.labiosiformis), field- basil (Ziziphora teniur), cat thyme (Teucrium chamaedrys). Indicator PLANTS of humid climate are hedge are hedge nettle (Stachys persica), calaminth (Calamintha grandiflora). The greatest abundence of PLANTS occurred in cold mediteranean cllimate. Indicator plant olluvial and slopy foothill is catmint (Nepeta saccharrata). Indicator PLANTS of dislocated and bare foothill in forsts and woodlands are wild marjoram (Origanum vulgare), hedge nettle (sachys setifera), horehound (Marrubium vulgare). Indicator PLANTS of edge small rivers are calaminth (Calamintha grandiflora), catmint (Nepeta cataria). Indicator PLANTS of unutilized drylands between forest and ragelands are hedge nettle (stachys byzanthina).Indicator PLANTS of little saline soils are hedge netlle (Stachys injlata) and afghan silver sage (pervoskia abrotanoides). The plant species such as hedge netlle (S.byzanthina, S.lavandulifolia), Thyme (Thymusspp), Catthyme (Teucrium polium) are very abundantand betony (Betonica nivea subsp mazandarana), hymenocrater (Hcalycinus. Helegans), desertrod (E.macrophylla, E.labiosiformis), calaminth (Calamintha ofJicinali5),hedge nettle (S.setifera) catmint (Nepeta cataria), field-basil (Ziziphora tenuior), catmint (Nepeta pungens) are rare PLANTS species in Mazandaran.

Introduction: Celiac disease is one of the food intolerance disorders in the world. This disease is provoked in genetically susceptible individuals by dietary exposure to wheat gluten and similar proteins in other closely related cereals. The only effective treatment is strict adherence to a 100% gluten free diet for life (Malekzadeh and Shakeri 1386). Patients with Celiac disease should avoid taking gluten-based products (Rampertab and Mullin 2014). Therefore, planning for the production of gluten-free products and their improvement is of particular importance. LUPINe or LUPINes (North America), is a genus of flowering PLANTS in the legume family. LUPINe is a leguminous plant that has been studied in this study as a rich source of protein and dietary fiber on the characteristics of glutenfree cake (Kohajdova et al., 2011). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of LUPINe flour (5, 10 and 15%) as a rich source of protein (about 42%) and dietary fiber (about 40%), corn starch (85, 90 and 95%), guar and carrageenan gums (1, 1. 5 and 2%) on cake tissue (first and fifteenth days) and organoleptic properties of cake (odour, taste, texture, color and overall acceptance). By adding LUPINe flour to corn starch and guar and carrageenan gums, gluten-free cake was produced and the optimum formula was obtained with 15% LUPINe, 85% corn starch, 1% guar gum and 1% carrageenan gum. Material and methods: In this study, the effects of LUPINe flour, corn starch, guar and carrageenan gums on cake tissue and organoleptic properties were investigated. LUPINe flour was purchased from Markal LTD, France. Guar gum from Gum Chemicals LTD, India and carrageenan gum from MSC, Korea. Mono-Diglyceride, gluten-free baking powder, corn starch, oil, salt, sugar and vanilla were prepared by the Nan Sahar group. Cake production was also produced at the Nan Sahar Institute. The cooking temperature was 180° C and the cooking time was 25 minutes. After cooking, they were cooled for 40 minutes at ambient temperature and packed in polyethylene bags. In the present study, 20 formulations produced according the mixture design (D-optimal) approach and the effect of LUPINe flour (5, 10 and 15%), corn starch (85, 90 and 95%), guar and carrageenan gums (1, 1. 5 and 2%), on the viscosity of dough, tissue and sensory evaluation of cake were investigated. Tests were performed in three replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparisons of treatments were done using Combined Design, by Design Expert 7. 1. 5 software. Results and discussion: This research was designed, analyzed and optimized by using the DesignExpert software, Combined D-Optimal Design. ANOVA results showed that fitted models for responses were meaningful (p <0. 05). Therefore, the accuracy of the model was confirmed for fitting the information. High content of dietary fiber in LUPINe flour, by absorbing more water, prevents hardness of the cake tissue and reducing the staling process. Dietary fibre is one of the most important food ingredients used in nutritional and functional foods as it is one of the first ingredients to be associated with the health trend in the 1980s, particularly in bakery and cereal products. Guar and carrageenan gums increase tissue hardness because the gums strengthened the walls of cells forming cavities inside the cake structure. After 15 days, tissue hardness was lower in samples with high LUPINe. The results of viscosity measurements showed that LUPINe flour due to its lack of gluten, reduced viscosity and guar and carrageenan gums, with more water absorption increased viscosity. The results of texture measurement showed that LUPINe flour, guar and carrageenan gums reduces the hardness of the tissue. The results of sensory evaluations showed that LUPINe flour and guar gum improves these properties, but carrageenan gum did not affect the improvement of these. Investigating the effects of LUPINe flour on the taste, odour, color, tissue and overall acceptance of gluten-free cakes showed that the increase in LUPINe flour had a signtificant effect on them. The protein contained in the LUPINe flour and glucose in the formulation of gluten-free cake as Millard's precursor compounds, and with the help of the Millard reaction, improves taste and aroma in the gluten-free product. High content of carotenoids in LUPINe flour, improved the appearance of the color. Soluble fiber in LUPINe flour improves the texture and creates a more acceptable tissue for the product. The overall acceptance of samples increased with increasing level of LUPINe flour. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the addition of LUPINe flour to corn starch and guar and carrageenan gums have positive effects on the texture and sensory properties of gluten-free cake. LUPIN flour is not only high in dietary fibre but it is also high in protein contents (41– 44%) which make it a unique ingredient of high nutritional and commercial value. According to the results, formulation with 15% LUPINe flour, 85% corn starch, 1% Guar and 1% carrageenan gums, had a good viscosity, and the tissue was softer and more acceptable and received the highest overall acceptance rating and was selected as the optimal formulation. LUPIN flour has shown potential for the manufacture of a range of fibre-enriched products with high consumer acceptability. Consumption of LUPIN flour-enriched foods has been proven to have many health benefits. Bread prepared by adding LUPIN flour helped in reducing blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. Addition of LUPIN fibre to the diet provided favourable changes to some serum lipid measures in men which suggested this novel ingredient may be useful in the dietary reduction of coronary heart disease risk. Breakfasts with LUPIN flour-enriched bread resulted in significantly higher self-reported satiety and lower energy intake at lunch than normal breakfast. Increasing both protein and fibre intakes, at the expense of refined carbohydrate, may benefit blood pressure. LUPIN flour, which is high in both protein and dietary fibre contents, could be an ideal food ingredient that can be used to get the combined effect of protein and fibre in lowering the blood pressure. As compared with other natural protein and dietary fibre sources, LUPIN flour is lower in cost. Therefore, substitution of sweet LUPIN flour would improve the nutritional value and quality of muffins at economically affordable price.

In vitro propagation of rose (Rosa indica) as well as rose breeding is a valuable economic enterprise and has received highest importance globally including Indian subcontinent. The development of new cultivars for commerce is faced with new challenges. In vitro micropropagation protocols of varieties of roses have been established but very few reports on the clonal propagation of local cultivars of Indian scented rose has been made. In the present paper we report the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of stem nodal, leaf disc, petals well as ovary exPLANTS cultured on MS medium supplemented with various growth adjuvants such as coconut water (CW 5%-20% v/v), auxins (IAA, NAA, 2, 4-D and IBA) and cytokinins (BAP and Kn) in varying concentrations. Vigorous callus formation was observed showing embryogenic clusters in both the nodal and leaf disc exPLANTS on MS medium supplemented with CW (10% v/v) +2, 4- D (11.3 mM) +BAP (3.55 mM). The proliferation of 4-7 multiple shoots (mean number of shoots 5±1.24) as well as in vitro flower bud formation on in vitro regenerated rose PLANTS from nodal exPLANTS cultured on MS medium supplemented with CW+2, 4-D+BAP have been observed. The regenerated shoots treated with ‘Quic Root’ (commercially available rooting chemical) produced well developed root system.

In the present study, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity in 20 varieties of Philodendron. The polymerase chain reaction was performed with 60 RAPD primers, out of which 21 primers showed clear amplification as well as more polymorphism. In total, 354 scorable RAPD loci with 348 polymorphic bands (98%) were observed. Percentages of polymorphic bands ranged from 80% to 100%. Amplified DNA fragments were used for statistical analysis. The data was obtained by scoring the bands and analyzed by using STATISTICA software. A dendrogram was obtained by cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of band which indicates similarity and diversities. The cluster analysis grouped the Philodendron varieties based on the growth habits, morphological characters and also geographical origin. This indicates that there is an association between the RAPD patterns and the geographic origin of the varieties used. The genetic diversity among the varieties was moderate, which might be due to genetically heterozygous and somaclonal variation.