Fracture-dislocation of LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION is rare. It usually affects the patients with multiple trauma. In all reported cases, anterior or posterior displacement of L5 on S1 have been reported, but anterolateral displacement has not been reported yet. Herein, we report delayed diagnosis of fracture-dislocation of L5-S1 with anterolateral displacement of L5 on S1, which was treated successfully with surgery (open reduction, posterior fusion, and instrumentation).      

Background: Although various studied have been done to improve therapeutic strategies in resolving spinal cord injuries, robust clinical treatment is not yet available. Developing a standard animal model is essential to achieve effective treatment for such injuries. The present study was performed to introduce a simple, applicable, and minimally invasive approach for access to epidural space in cats. Methods: We used a percutaneous approach from the LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION for stainless steel cannula insertion to the epidural space without fluoroscopy. CT scan, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tractography, and behavioral evaluation were used to assess the correct position of the cannula and the neurological condition of the animal. Results: MRI results showed no significant change in signal intensity index of neural structures under LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION. These observations are further supported by tractography, and also behavioral examination during the study. Conclusion: We found that the percutaneous approach from the LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION is a simple and applicable approach that has no side effects and artifact formation in MRI evaluation.

Introduction: Traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis is rare disease and in the literature, different surgical approaches, including anterior, posterior, or combined approaches (posterior and anterior) are used to treat the lesion.Case Presentation: We treated a case of traumatic LUMBOSACRAL spondylolisthesis using posterior approach and the patient showed a satisfactory outcome. At the final follow-up, he was completely asymptomatic, and radiographic images revealed normal lumbar alignment and a solid interbody fusion.Conclusions: Traumatic LUMBOSACRAL spondylolisthesis can be treated using posterior approach alone to obtain reduction, decompression, and solid fusion.

The isolated rat colon and the isolated guinea pig ileum were studied. The main purpose of this study was to elucidate the possible involvement of gap JUNCTION channels (GJCs) in smooth muscle function. Carbenoxolone (0.1-200 µM) decreased contractile responses of the isolated rat vas deferens and colon to various stimuli in a concentration-dependent manner. Carbenoxolone also reduced both amplitude and frequency of the spontaneous mechanical activity of the isolated rat colon. A similar inhibitory effect of carbenoxolone (0.1-200 µM) was observed on contractile responses of the isolated guinea pig ileum to electrical field stimulation, acetylcholine and KCl. In the presence of carbenoxolone (10 µM), contractile responses to L- NAME were reduced by about 65% and 80% of control in the isolated rat colon and the isolated guinea pig ileum, respectively. The present data, therefore, suggest an important role for modulation of intercellular communication via GJCs in regulating the tone of smooth muscles of rat vas deferens, rat colon and guinea pig ileum.

The confluence of two streams creates a complex flow which accelerates downstream. In a JUNCTION area, the separation zone is developed in the main channel. By decreasing the longitudinal velocity in the separation zone the sedimentation and blocking of section are increased. In this research, the separation zone dimensions for the JUNCTION 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o, and discharge ratios are simulated by using the FLUENT software. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) scheme and the RSM turbulence model were used for numerical simulation. The results showed that reducing the JUNCTION angle leads to decreasing separation zone dimensions at the JUNCTION in the main channel. Results also showed that the model simulated the experimental velocity values by an average of 4 percent accuracy. The maximum width of separation zone is about 50% of the main channel width occurred at an angle of 90o of JUNCTION channel, and the minimum dimensions of the flow separation zone near zero and occurred at the JUNCTION angle of 30o. Furthermore, increasing JUNCTION angle widens the separation zone dimensions. Maximum and minimum separation zone dimensions occurred at 90 and 30 degree of JUNCTION, respectively. Further changes in the discharge ratio have a great effect on separation zone dimensions and disappear when the discharge ratio is decreased. Decreasing JUNCTION angle and increasing the discharge ratio simultaneously, can reduce the separation zone dimensions and therefore, the problems developed the JUNCTION.

Neurenteric cysts are rare malformations that lead to brain stem and spinal cord ‎compression. These cysts are derived from endoderm that is fused with the ‎developing notochord during the third week of gestation. A 3-year-old boy presented ‎with a 2-month history of torticollis and had developed paraparesis 2 weeks before ‎admission. Examination showed that he was quadriparetic. Plain radiography films ‎revealed widening of the cervical canal and pedicle erosion, while a hypointense ‎lesion on T1, at the craniovertebral JUNCTION, with a compression effect on the anterior ‎aspect of the brain stem and spinal cord were noted on magnetic resonance imaging. ‎C1 to C3 laminectomy as well as a suboccipital craniectomy were performed; upon ‎opening the dura, a cystic swelling was found to be protruding. Fluid was aspirated ‎from the cyst and after shrinkage, the cyst was removed completely. On the first day ‎after the surgery, the patients motor power improved significantly. This report ‎describes a rare form of neurenteric cyst in terms of both its location and unusual ‎presentation (torticollis).‎

Background: Post traumatic LUMBOSACRAL plexopathy (LSP) is a well-known condition following pelvic fracture or abdominal trauma and surgery. A rare condition of LSP has been reported in the literature following femoral shaft fractures. Case Report: Two cases of LSP after bilateral femoral shaft fracture presented to our center. In both cases, the mechanism of injury was a high energy trauma without any signs or symptoms of pelvic or spinal injury. Electrodiagnostic studies confirmed acute plexopathy and spontaneous recovery occurred in both. Conclusion: LSP can be seen in association with fractures or traumas far from anatomical location of the plexus. Multidisciplinary approach and complete accurate examination are mandatory for diagnosis management of the condition.

Background: Wearing back support is of great importance in helping muscles action in heavy works. Objective: To evaluate the effect of LUMBOSACRAL support on the degree of spinal muscle fatigue in normal persons. Methods: The study was conducted on 52 normal females as "case-control' group using Isostation B-200 unit. Three isometric contractions with maximum effort in flexion and extension was applied for each case in the first session without using back support. Then, fatigue exercise was performed with 50% of maximum muscle power in flexion and extension and the maximum isometric power was again measured. On the next day, the same procedure was performed using back support. Findings: Increase of the average of torque, power, maximum and average angular speed was significant while wearing back support (P<0.05). Also, the mean of maximum torque and maximum angular speed in last repetitions, with and without back support were significantly decreased in comparison with first repetitions (P<0.05). Conclusion: Since using LUMBOSACRAL back support will cause improvement in speed of repeated motions, less function and delayed fatigue of paravertebral muscles, the use of back support during working hours in heavy works is highly recommended.