Corn harvesting involves some LOSSES. These LOSSES result in decreased benefits. It is almost impossible to lower LOSSES to zero percent but it can be controlled in an acceptable level. As a result of this research, appropriate methods are introduced to decrease LOSSES and reduce waste. In this project, LOSSES in different part of combine were measured and evaluated according to the available standard method (ASAE S396.2 & S343.3).Harvesting LOSSES include preharvest and during harvest LOSSES comprising ear loss and kernal loss in the header, cylinder and cleaning LOSSES.This project was conducted on farmers’ lands in Gazvin province. Some assessments related to yield factors were evaluated in different parts of farm with specified area, e.g. Plant height, ear number, stem diameter, ear diameter, cob diameter, row/ear and seed/row. All LOSSES evaluated in three treatments which they were: seed moisture content (w.b.) in three levels of 19%, 23% and 27%, ground speed in three levels of 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 ms-1 and cylinder speed of 400, 600 and 800 rpm. The split plot experimental design based on the randomised complete block design (RCBD) was used to evaluate treatments.Measured LOSSES compared with standard values to introduce the proper methods to decrease LOSSES and proper adjustments. The results show that appropriate seed moisture content, cylinder and ground speed were 23%, 400 rpm and 1.2 ms-1, respectively. They had minimum total loss whichWAS 1.55%, 2.65% and 2.34%, respectivily. The results also show that there was an ear loss in preharvest loss (because of bad weather condition) that was 0.95-5.42%, also kernal loss on the header and cylinder loss which all related to improper adjustment of combine but total loss was in an acceptable level and standard. It was variable from 1.55% to 4.02%. Other parameters such as using inexperienced driver, improper combine adjustment, and also nonuniformity of field and ear moisture content in different parts of field prevent using the outputs and recommendations of this research.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of banking crisis LOSSES for 49 sample countries over the period 1980-2019. In this regard, two sub-purposes are pursued. In the first preliminary step, we identify and date episodes of banking crises for 49 countries. The graphical analysis of crises showed that about half of the crises were occurred between 2008-2012 in which the share of high-income countries was higher than other country groups. Then, in the second preliminary step, we used the Hodrick-Prescott filter to extract different trends from countries' GDPs to calculate four alternative measures of real output LOSSES. The investigated output LOSSES showed that Angola and Greece had the highest and lowest LOSSES among the four types of LOSSES, respectively. Finally, to achieve the main purpose, we use the Poisson quasi-maximum likelihood (PPML) method to estimate model. The model was estimated without and with currency crisis variable. Our findings show the occurrence of a currency crisis is effective in intensifying output LOSSES following banking crises. Also, the variables of inflation, bank credit to GDP, credit-to-GDP gap, public debt/GDP, with a positive effect and variables of financial openness, discretionary government spending and central bank assets with a negative impact, are important factors in output LOSSES of banking crisis. Therefore, we recommend that the mentioned variables be considered in banking crisis management.

Soil erosion posses play a key role in organic matter loss from watershed. Therefore, study of the organic matter on suspended sediment is very important for watershed management and soil and water conservation planning. The present study was conducted in Kojour Watershed to determine loss of the suspended sediment associated organic matter. The suspended sediment and organic matter sampling was made via depth integration. The results of this study showed that 57 ton organic matter loss from 8 rainfall events and 48gr om in 1 kg sediment loss in each rainfall this period.

In rivers spatially ephemeral rivers, volume of water in downstream reduced due to transmission LOSSES. Thus the modeling such process is important in water resources management and river engineering. In this study, using gene expression programming, transmission LOSSES in zangmar River that is located in northwest Iran, based on observations input and output hydrographs in Mako and Poldasht stations has been calculated. After the introduction of various terminals and commen function in gene expression programming model, the output hydrograph in downstream stations were simulated. Statistical indices showed that the gene expression programming model predict output hydrograph acceptable so that the estimated output LOSSES in comparison with the observed values is 7.4%.

Due to development of different activities in cyberspace and using electronic means in commerce, unprecedented risks have emerged that affect privacy of individuals and the business environment. This paper discusses “ liability insurance and LOSSES in the cyberspace” using comparative studies and evaluating the needs of Iran information technology sector. We propose a variety of cyber insurance that might be suitable for Iran and discuss their general conditions.

Regarding to economical importance of kiwi fruit, its wastes such as highly ripe or partially dried up fruits can be used to produce more economically valuable products like fruit leather. Therefore, the aim of present study was the effective factor evaluation of kiwi fruit leather production. The samples were studied in two groups, raw and cooked fruits which were treated in a boiling water bath. Defined amounts of liquid glucose (10%, 17.5%, and 25% w/w), ascorbic acid (100 mg percent of homogenized fruit) and citric acid (0%, 0.5% and 1% w/w) were added to each group. The samples were then poured in a flat pan with 7 mm thickness and were dried at 70°C in a vacuum drier to reach 14±1% moisture content. This research showed that increasing the percentage of citric acid caused an increase in fruit leather acidity whereas increasing the amount of liquid glucose caused a decrease in it. The ratio of vitamin C in samples from raw fruit was lower than that of its amount in samples prepared from cooked fruit. Furthermore, the amount of browning index in the fruit leather had a significant increase in comparison with the primary mixture before drying. Texture analysis showed that the tensile strength of the selected sample was significantly less than those of in the three other samples which are available in the market. Also, elongation of the selected sample was higher in comparison to the other samples. In the present study, regarding to the three decision variables, the acidity, the browning index and the ratio of vitamin C, six appropriate samples were selected for sensory evaluation and the most suitable sample was the sample obtained from cooked kiwi fruit which contained 25% and 0.5% of liquid glucose and citric acid, respectively.