In the recent years, the role of LOX enzymes in the origin of neoplastic diseases such as colorectal, skin, pancreatic and renal cancers has been confirmed. A new series of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing 2-pyridyl moiety was synthesized and the cytotoxicity of the members of this series was assessed using MTT protocol. Enzyme inhibitory activity of the prepared compounds was also tested against 15-LIPOXYGENASE-1 as a novel target for the discovery of anticancer drugs. PC3, HT29 and SKNMC cell lines were utilized and the obtained results were compared with doxorubicin. Overall, nitro containing derivatives exerted a higher cytotoxic activity against PC3 cell line and methoxylated derivatives showed an acceptable activity against SKNMC cell line. Methoxylated derivatives were also the most potent enzyme inhibitors especially at position ortho of the phenyl residue.

Olive fruit has enzymes which can affect the quality of its oil. In this research, the effects of blanching on the quality of the oil, oil yield, chlorophyll and polyphenols at 92oC for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 minutes and also keeping the fruits for 15 days at room temperature were studied.Results showed that the heat treatment reduced acidity. Increasing the time of blanching increased the chlorophy content of the extracted oils which in turn increased its peroxide value. Insufficient blanching reduced total polyphenols of the oils extracted from the fruits. Heat treatments and the time of keeping of the fruits had significant effects (99% confidence) on the oil yield, but the reaction of these two factors was not significant at 95% confidence. Increasing the time of blanching and also keeping of the fruits increased the oil yield.

Brassinosteroid as one of steroid hormones has an integral role in controlling plants physiological process especially in response to biological and non-biological stress. This research has been done in Damghan Islamic Azad University Greenhouse. The influence of four concentrations of plant growth regulator -24, homobrassinolide with concentration of 0,10-10, 10-8,10-6 molar on null seedlings of pistachio genotype sort based on factorials experiments on the basis of completely randomized block design with four replications was performed. After foliar spraying in six - leaves stage of pistachio seedlings and after passing six weeks, somephysio-morphplogical characteristics such as the size of photosynthesis pigments, leaf area index, seedlings height, biomass (the wet and dry weight of root and shoot), and LIPOXYGENASE enzymes were scrutinized. The result indicated that foliar spraying experiment with brassinosteroid hormones had significant effect on some evaluated traits (P). Maximum leaf area index with concentration of 10-10 brassinosteroid and genotype G1, and the minimum leave area index with untreated (control) and genotype G5 were achieved. In biomass scrutiny, the wet weigh of aerial organs in level 1% was significant (5% level).The maximum weight of the wet weigh in concentration, 10-10 and the minimum weight in concentration of control and 10-6 were observed. Besides, the fresh weight of root in level 1% was significant, and the maximum weight with concentration of 10-10 and genotype G (22%) and minimum weight with control concentration and genotype G1 were observed. The maximum amount of LIPOXYGENASE was related to concentration of 10-10, and genotype G2 and the minimum amount was related to null concentration of brassinosteroid hormones and genotype G1.

Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a promising drug candidate which is used for the treatment of inflammation, pain, fever, and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study focuses on the effect of AEE on five proteins which are related to inflammation and thrombosis, including cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), C-reactive protein (CRP), prothrombin (FII) and arachidonate 5-LIPOXYGENASE (ALOX5). Meanwhile, the study was administrated to compare the drug effect between AEE and its precursor from the view of chemical-protein interactions. Healthy rats were given AEE, aspirin, eugenol and integration of aspirin and eugenol. Carboxyl methyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) was used as control. After drugs were administered intragastrically for seven days, the blood samples were collected to measure the proteins concentration by enzyme linked immuno- sorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the concentrations of key endogenic bioactive enzymes were significantly reduced in AEE groups when compared with CMC-Na and aspirin groups (P<0.01). Drug effects of AEE on five proteins were stronger than aspirin and eugenol. From the view of chemical-protein interactions, AEE had positive effects on anti- inflammation and anti-thrombosis and showed stronger effects than aspirin and eugenol.

One of the main criteria for salt tolerance is cell membrane stability under stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of LIPOXYGENASE (Lox and lipid peroxidation are considered to be destructive to cell membrane under salt stress. In this study, the effects of 0, 75 and 150 mM NaCI, over a period of 14the days on the activity oflipoxygenease, the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)and malon dialdehyde (MDA. as a lipid peroxidation) in the leaves of Pistacia vera L. (cv. "Qazvini" and wild "Sarakhs" pistachio) and "Mastic" (P. mutica F. & M.) were studied. The results indicated that by increasing salinity Lmactivity increased in the leaves of all the three rootstocks. This activity reached a climax on the 7th day and then decreased on the 14the day. Among the three species, Mastic reached the highest amount of the Lox activity on the 14thday with the lowest amount ofLmreduction. The amounts ofH2O2 in the leaves of all the three rootstocks increased, on the 14the day the highest amount of hydrogen peroxide was found in "Mastic" and "Sarakhs" after treating them with 150 mM NaCI. The amounts of MDA were also reached the highest level in all three rootstocks on the 7th and 14the days. The results also indicated the possibility of the use oflipid peroxidation index and Loxactivity for selecting salt toler ant Pistacia rootstocks. More studies are needed for understanding the biochemical changes and enzyme activities in Pistacia rootstocks under salt stress.

Background and Objectives: Wheat germ is the most nutritious part of wheat grains, which has a short shelf-life due to its high lipid contents and presence of lipase and LIPOXYGENASE enzymes. Thus, wheat germs are separated from the whole wheat grains during the flouring process, mostly used as animal foods. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of fermentation by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on lipase, LIPOXYGENASE activity and antioxidant characteristics of wheat germs. Materials & Methods: Various concentrations of wheat germs were inoculated individually with a certain number of the bacteria (10 9 Log CFU / mL). After incubation at 37 ° C for 24 h, pH changes and antioxidant, lipase and LIPOXYGENASE activities were compared to those of unfermented samples and effects of various starters on the highlighted characteristics of wheat germs at various concentrations were investigated. Results: Fermentation by the two bacteria significantly decreased activities of the lipase and LIPOXYGENASE enzymes. Furthermore, 20% concentration of fermented wheat germs by Lactobacillus plantarum showed the highest decreases in activities of the two enzymes (71/43 for lipase and 65% for LIPOXYGENASE). Raw wheat germs included good antioxidant activities that significantly increased after fermentation by the bacteria. Investigation of the starter type and substrate concentration showed that the highest (29. 97%) and the lowest (21. 55%) increases in antioxidant activities after fermentation were linked to fermented samples by Lactobacillus plantarum at 20% and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 10% concentrations of wheat germs, respectively. Conclusion: Fermentation by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum significantly improves antioxidant activities of the wheat germs and increases its shelf-life by significantly decreasing lipase and LIPOXYGENASE activities.

Curcumin, a polyphenol yellow orange pigment present in Indian spice “turmeric”, is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). The extract of turmeric was obtained by using soxhlet apparatus at 45-55 oC, using methanol as solvent and then curcumin was isolated from methanolic extract by column chromatography. In the present study, a series of four new derivatives of curcumin (3a-d) were synthesized by reacting curcumin (1) with different alkyl halides (2a-d) using DMF and lithium hydride. The structures of natural curcumin and its synthetic derivatives were confirmed with the help of their 1H-NMR spectra and all these were screened against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, LIPOXYGENASE and trypsin enzymes. Curcumin and its derivatives exhibited moderate inhibitory potential against all aforesaid enzymes.