The Signs of the Mithraism which prevailed in Iran before the emerging of Zoroaster are observed in literary works AND especially epic poems. The evidences show the relationship between Pishdadian AND KIANIAN dynasties AND the "Mehr cult". The kings of these two ancient dynasties worshipped the moon AND the sun AND elements generalities before Zoroaster according to Birooni's Asar-al-Baghiyeh.By studying of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh AND some Pahlavi texts one can deliver evidence based on the relationship between kings such as: Fereidoon; Jamshid; Siavosh AND Keykhosrow AND "Mehr cult". Among these the story of Keykhosrow is related to the birth AND ascension of Izad Mehrs myth. The birth of this king who is considered as the most goo'd-natured fabulous king of Iran at a dark night AND his birth AND growth among shepherds is related to "Mehr" in terms of shepherds' care AND presence. His prayer before the sun AND his washing customs before praying resemble Mehr rituals. Also his ascension to sky AND the scared dinner - customs or "Izad Mehr" ascension are the facts which refer to Mithraism.This research tries to study Keykhosrow's personality in Shahnameh using ancient researches AND ancient religious texts considering their relationship to "Methraism".

HAND-woven carpet is one of characteristics of Iranian identity which is worldwide known. Studying antiquity of carpet shows its connection with the myths of this country. This research will consider the carpet in Pishdadi AND Kiyani era according to Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh in order to recognize AND analyze its usage. Since carpet’s yarns are dissoluble AND due to the lack of antique samples, the history of Iranian carpet should be reviewed in written sources. Therefore, current study will use Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh specifically as an important source of Iranian civilization for analyzing carpet during Pishdadi AND Kiyani era. The method of this research for collecting data is library research based on descriptive –analytical approach.Findings of this research show that in addition to literal usage of carpet in Ferdowsi’s language, AND indicating the process of carpet waving, there are seven usages for carpet during aforementioned period: wedding AND feast ceremonies, funeral AND mourning, gift AND present, bride’s dowry, war spoil, trade AND home property.

In Persian mythology, Jame-Jam (the cup of Jamshid, Jam-e Kei-khosrow) is the symbol of prediction that was for long possessed by the rulers of ancient Greater Iran. It was believed that one could observe all the four corners of the universe by looking into it. Monjik of Tirmazi, the poet of the 4th century A.H., was the first to coin the term "Saghare Jam" (goblet of Jam) AND after that it has been the subject of many Persian poems AND stories.The present article tries to show the process of changing the concept of Jame-Jam in Persian literature.

Mass media which has a lot of addresses, strong impressionability power, AND possibility of utilizing direct AND indirect techniques, plays a prominent role in training members of the society. The training are not always in line with the norms of the society, e.g. sometimes they teach social deviation AND ways of committing crime willingly or unwillingly, AND as a result endanger society security. The present article aims at reviewing role of crime training in media, AND has dealt with the role of accidents' reports published in Jame-Jam. The study conducted through raising 4 questions AND using quantity based analysis approach on accidents’ reports published in Jame-Jam 2009, AND analysis unit was an accident.Results indicated that 247 cases out 385 had dealt with crimes. Theft (35%), murder (19%) AND fraud (15%), respectively ranked the first, second AND third among the cases published in Jame-Jam. Having a glance at the content of the above- mentioned accidents, it can be realized that the newspaper has a little bit dealt with crime training, however, deterrence level of the accidents is little, too (21% of the narrated accidents are deterrent).Throughout the accidents’ reports published in the newspaper, police is recognized as a positive AND successful element in the society, which in its turn may prevent readers from committing crimes.

introduction: CRYSTAL is one the pernicious addictive drugs which has unfortunately been imported to Iran in the recent years. As CRYSTAL is the purified form of Heroin, its adverse effects are much more serious than those of Heroin. Apart from psychological effects, addiction to CRYSTAL may have adverse effects on organs AND tissues. So, the evaluation of enzymatic changes could be helpful in identifying the origin of damages. Alkaline phosphatase is present in most tissues AND the most prevalent cause of its elevation is liver AND bone diseases. Since liver damages may be caused by Heroin consumption, assaying ALP levels could be useful for investigating the adverse effects of this drug.Materials AND Methods: This study is a case control study which was carried out on 50 control persons AND 108 CRYSTAL addicts who referred to Salehabad Center of Drug Addiction Treatment (Torbat jam) for the first time during 2008-2010. The activity level of Alkaline phosphatase in the serum was measured with Calorimetry-Spectrophotometry Using computer software SPSS-16, t-test was used to analyze the data.Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between CRYSTAL consumption AND the serum level of ALP in both groups (P= 0.001). Besides, the relationships between the duration of CRYSTAL consumption with Alkaline phosphatase level AND cigarette smoking were significant.Conclusion: Our results revealed that CRYSTAL consumption is an important factor for elevating the ALP serum level in CRYSTAL addicts.

This survey focusing on the content analysis of newspapers coverage for driving crashes issue AND how the media can raising awareness of people about the importAND subject. Theoretical framework of the research include the theories of agenda setting, communicative messages function, social learning AND socializing.The findings of this study indicated that the newspapers, dedicated a low percentage of its subjects to cover crashes news AND its result. The agenda setting was very low; there is no meaningful difference among the newspapers in this regard.Statistic society of the research is Iranian newspapers. The sample allocated to driving crashes issues coverd by Iran, Hamshahri, Shargh, Jame-Jam in summer 1389. The research method is content analysis.The findings show that most of subjects were in form of “News”. The main emphasis on news element were on “what”. There was no editorial in any newspapers in this regard.

Objectives: Childbearing is considered as a great event in the lives of many women while the effect of pain on this event is undeniable. Thus, the think of pain AND how to overcome it has engaged the minds of women, their family, AND health-care providers. The birth BALL is one of the non-invasive methods of pain control. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the birth BALL on the pain AND self-efficacy of pregnant women during the childbirth process. Materials AND Methods: This study was a rANDomized clinical trial. A total of 178 participants were selected based on the specific selection criteria AND rANDomly allocated to control AND intervention groups. The women in the intervention group were asked to join a planned exercise with the birth BALL including a 20-minute well-defined exercise three times a week for 6– 8 weeks at home whereas those in the control group followed up the routine prenatal cares. The questionnaires were completed by the participants at the four AND eight-centimeter cervical dilations. Results: Based on the results, birth BALL exercises could significantly improve childbirth self-efficacy AND pain so that labour pain was lower in this group of women as compared to the other group (P < 0. 001 in both cervical dilatations). In addition, the score of self-efficacy was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0. 001). Further, the result of generalized estimating equation model showed that birth BALL exercise can decrease the childbirth pain. However, part of this effect may be related to an increase in the patients’ self-efficacy (30%-40%). Conclusions: In general, although birth BALL exercise could decrease the childbirth pain, part of this effect was probably associated with an increase in self-efficacy of the patients.