Background: KAWASAKI DISEASE is an acute febrile DISEASE and mostly common in children less than 5 years old with systemic vasculitis. The complications could be prevented if rapid diagnosis and proper treatment with I.V.I.G. is established.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the signs, symptoms diagnosis, and treatment to prevent the complication of KAWASAKI DISEASE.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 45 patients with KAWASAKI DISEASE were followed up for 5 years (1995- 1999) at Alzahra teaching hospital in Isfahan, Iran.Finding: The analysis of data showed that male to female ratio was 1.8:1 and the incidence was highest in children 1 to 2 years old. The prevalence of clinical manifestations including fever, nonpurulant bilateral conjunctivitis, lips and oral changes, polymorphous rash, changes of extremities, and cervical lymphadenopathy were 100, 97.8, 95.6, 95.6, 97.8, and 62.2%, respectively. The prevalence of different laboratory findings was calculated for elevated ESR (93.3%), positive CRP (77.5%), leukocytosis (53.3%), thrombosytosis (74.3%), proteinuria (34.2%), and sterile pyuria (53.7%). Considering the complications, pleural effusion was seen in 2.2%, gall bladder hydrops 11.1%, encephalopathy 2.2%, pericardial effusion 11.1%, mitral valve DISEASE 13.3%, and coronary artery aneurysm 22.2% of patients.Conclusion: Based on data found in our study, the very low frequency of DISEASE in children less than one year old and also the lower efficacy of I.V.I.G. used in our study compared to those of other surveys, necessitates future large-scale studies. The complications could be reduced if a rapid diagnosis attached to proper treatment with I.V.I.G. is set up during the first 10 days following the onset of DISEASE. 

KAWASAKI DISEASE (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology and the major cause of pediatric acquired cardiac DISEASE worldwide, particularly in developed countries. This study characterizes the epidemiologic and clinical features of KD in the Pediatric Rheumatology Department service in a general hospital. 120 patients with the diagnosis of KD between 1990 and 2009 were enrolled. We investigated the epidemiologic and clinical features of coronary artery involvement of the patients. Frequency of many parameters including age, sex, season, clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment, and complications of the patients determined. During the 20-year study period, 120 patients <15 years of age were admitted for KD. Among them, 39. 2% were at the extremes of the age spectrum, with 2. 5% <6 months and 36. 7% >5 years of age, male to female ratio of 1. 3: 1 and the classic KD to incomplete KD ratio of 3. 1: 1. KD recurred in 5% of all cases. It occurred most frequently in the winter and least frequently in the summer. The occurrence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) was 4. 2%. KAWASAKI DISEASE should be considered in any pediatric patients with a prolonged refractory febrile illness in order to prevent CAA formation.

Background: KAWASAKI DISEASE is an acute self-limited vasculitis of childhood characterized by fever, bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis, erythema of lips and oral mucosa, changes in extremities, rash and cervical lymphadenopathy. Coronary artery aneurysm or ectasia develops in approximately 15% to 25% of untreated children and may lead to ischemic heart DISEASE or sudden death.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and epidemiology of KAWASAKI DISEASE in children hospitalized at Quds children hospital, Qazvin, Iran.Methods: Between March 1994 and March 2005, a total of 29 consecutive KAWASAKI patients were enrolled and studied retrospectively.Findings: Of 29 patients, 20 were males and 9 females. The male/female ratio was 1:0.45. The majority of patients (65.3%) were younger than 5 years old. Seasonal peak was found to be in winter (37.9%) and spring (34.5%). All patients had fever lasting from 8 to 21 days. The most common clinical features were oral mucosal changes (96.6%), changes in extremities (79.3%), conjunctivitis (75.8%), cervical lymphadenopathy (58.6%) and rash (58.6%). Echocardiography was abnormal in 14%.Conclusion: KAWASAKI DISEASE is present in our country and diagnostic work-up in cases with prolonged fever and unresponsive to antibiotics is strongly recommended, as the clinical manifestations of KAWASAKI DISEASE are in common with many other DISEASEs.

KAWASAKI DISEASE is characterized with high fever for at least 5 days, nonpurulent bilateral conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, cutaneous rash, edema of hands and feet, erythematous and cracked lip and erythema of oral cavity. Some viral and bacterial infections with rash are in differential diagnosis. Treatment with high dose aspirin and IVIG is recommended.

Background: Coronary complications are common in children with KAWASAKI DISEASE (KD). Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) during the first 10 days will result in lower coronary complications. It is useful to predict if a patient will develop coronary complications or not. Objectives: We designed this study to evaluate the role of Kobayashi risk scoring for determining refractory KD. Methods: Medical records of all cases withKDwere reviewed and demographic data, previous history, coronary artery involvement, laboratory findings, and days with fever were extracted for all cases. Kobayashi score was calculated. Results: A total of 168 cases enrolled. There was no significant difference regarding Kobayashi score in different groups regarding coronary involvement. In cases without coronary involvement, 93. 5% were classified as low risk, in one and two vessels involvement groups, all were categorized as low risk, and among three vessels involvement cases, 75% were known as low risk. Conclusions: Kobayashi score is not useful for predicting severity of coronary involvement in KAWASAKI DISEASE.

Background: KAWASAKI DISEASE (KD) is one of the main causes of acquired heart DISEASE. Due to the fact that there is no prospective study regarding the involvement of coronary arteries in patients with non-KD febrile DISEASEs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare coronary artery changes between non-KD febrile children and patients with (complete) KD who were hospitalized. Methods: This study was performed on 56 patients aged one month to eight years (26 KD cases and 30 non-KD febrile cases) admitted to the Bandar Abbas Pediatric Hospital. After obtaining parental or guardian consent, demographic data, coronary artery involvement, and lab tests were recorded. Chi-square and Student’ s t-test were used to compare the recorded data. Results: We found that coronary artery involvement was significantly higher in KD cases (50% vs. 6. 7%), especially left coronary artery (LCA) dilatation (30. 8 % vs. 3. 3%) and right coronary artery (RCA) brightness (11. 5% vs. 0%) were significantly higher in KD cases compared to non-KD febrile cases (P = 0. 05). Meanwhile, we found that in both non-KD febrile cases and KD cases with WBC  15 109/L the risk of abnormal findings increased. Conclusions: These findings suggests that non-KD febrile children, especially those with WBC  15 (109/L), as well as all KD cases should undergo echocardiography five to six days after the onset of the illness.

Background and purpose: KAWASAKI DISEASE (KD) is an acute vasculitis in children. Studies indicated different relationships between eosinophilia and coronary artery DISEASE (CAD). This study was done to assess the possible relationship between eosinophilia and coronary artery DISEASE.Materials and methods: This descriptive study was carried out during 13 years on 61 children with KAWASAKI DISEASE who were admitted to Sina Referral Hospital. They were assessed regarding eosinophilia and coronary artery DISEASEs. Data was evaluated by Fisher exact and t-test.Results: The research population included 61 patients of whom 33 (54%) were male and 28 (46%) were female with the mean age of 36.56±23 months. Among the patients 85% were>5 years of age and eosinophilia was found in 28 cases (45.9%) and five patients (14.8%) were diagnosed with coronary artery DISEASE. This DISEASE was observed in 25% suffering from eosinophilia and in 6% of the cases without eosinophilia. However, there was no association among gender, eosinophilia and coronary artery DISEASE. Also, no significant difference was found between age groups.Conclusion: Eosinophilia was not a risk factor or protective factor for CAD. However, the exact relationship could be determined if further multicentre studies are carried out.