Objective: The present study aims to editing institutional strategies in macro policies of resistance economics in Iran's' sport based on systematic plan of grounded theory. Methodology: Participant in the research are twelve experts in the realm of sport management and economy. A theory sampling was implemented. Data was developed through the research procedure and each data was shaped as the consequent of previous data analysis. Sampling was continued to achieve to a complete theoretical element. In-depth and discovery interviews were implemented as the research instruments. A panel of stuff experts and pilot interviews also confirmed its validity. Analyzing and interpreting data, the researchers took advantage of open and selective coding. Results: At the end of interviews, coding procedures was detected as follows; 193 open codes, 95 axis codes, 73 selected codes in form of 6 dimensions of paradigm model including logical reasoning, central elements, strategies, background features, intervention situations, and consequences. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the integration of the categories based on the existing relationships between causal factors, environmental factors, intervening conditions and strategies around the Institutionalization of resistance economy in sport can have a positive effect on the macroeconomic level of the Iranian economy.

Background Accountability has been and is an important and challenging issue in most countries' administrative and political systems and lack of proper and timely response to employees leads to a climate of distrust and coldness. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Institutionalization of ethics and accountability. Method This is an applied research with descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of all employees of the branches of Saderat Bank in Mashhad are 1400 people. According to Cochran formula, 310 people have been included in the analysis process. The ethics and accountability of the managers was content validity and confirmed by experts according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS software and structural equation technique using LISREL software. Results The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the independent variable of ethical Institutionalization and its dimensions (explicit ethical Institutionalization and implicit ethical Institutionalization) with the dependent variable of managers' accountability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for ethics Institutionalization was 0. 87 and for manager’ s accountability 0. 81. Conclusion The results indicate that institutionalizing ethics and paying attention to ethical indicators make managers feel more responsible towards their employees, which in turn is more responsive and appropriate.

Background One of the important concerns of effective managers is how they must create appropriate context for employees in organization for promoting the responsibility, commitment and work ethics. This policy is called ethics Institutionalization. There are various methods for ethics Institutionalization. So, the goal of the present study is identifying and prioritizing methods of ethics Institutionalization within organization. Method The method of this research is qualitative and quantitative survey. Population of the study includes all experts of judiciary organizations of Qazvin province. 248 subjects select as sample group by Morgan Table. A questionnaire performed for gathering information. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and Friedman test. Results Results indicate that we can classify ethics Institutionalization methods in four category; structural mechanism, designing appropriate human resource management systems, cultural mechanism and monitoring mechanism. Conclusion Findings show that there are various methods of ethics Institutionalization. So, managers must noticed that to ethics Institutionalization they must use various methods in simultaneous.

Background The relationship between ethics and sport and its Institutionalization in society is one of the central issues that can be widely considered as a source of great social and ethics transformation. The purpose of this study is to investigate how sport ethics are institutionalized from the view-point of sports practitioners. Method The method of qualitative research was based on the systematic data approach of the foundation using the grounded theory. Contributors were in the field of ethics for sport experts. The sample included 20 of these specialists. The sampling method was ttargeted sampling method and sampling continued to achieve theoretical saturation. The research tool was the use of deep interviewing. Data were analyzed through grounded theory which consists of three stages, open cods, axial and selective coding. Results The results of data analysis in three stages, open source, axial and selective coding, indicated 21 items that were categorized in a paradigmatic model including: causative conditions (internal motivations, environmental factors), background conditions (institutions, institutional factors, factors Legal), mediating conditions (media environment), strategies (managerial, educational) and outcomes (economic, social and cultural). Conclusion The results of the research show that the culture of ethics in sport through the coordination of institutions as well as role models such as athletes and stars in this field through the participation of mass media and the system of punishment and reward can be effective in the Institutionalization of ethics in sport.

Dealing with the spiritual aspects in medicine is not a common part of the curriculums of medical faculties. Whereas, this issue is something asked for and expected by patients from us. Evidences show that the spiritual behavior can be learnt and taught in respect of securing health and the spiritual health. Spiritual psychotherapy, cognitive-therapy by a spiritual approach, consultation by a spiritual approach, group therapy/ family-therapy by a spiritual approach, bibliotherapy by reading sacred and spiritual texts, treatment and healing in spiritual places and circles and also the mode of spiritual life in securing the health of people have an outstanding role. Spiritual education and treatment is the task of spiritual experts, but treatment, consultation and teaching sound behavior by a spiritual approach is the task of academic experts.

According to the interpretive theories, social phenomena, including hijab, are made by society members, jointly. In the beginning every person has a distinct perception of a social phenomenon, then different people share their perceptions through social interactions and therefore the similarities and differences of this perceptions and also the misperceptions are modified and a shared social reality which is accepted and obeyed by all society members is shaped, and this society-made social reality canalize and direct their social behaviors. So to modify ifaf & hijab culture in Iran, we should rebuild the correct way of cover and behavior that has been changed and deviated during last years, and redefine a new social reality on the basis of Islamic values and make it objective. In this article, the modification process of ifaf & hijab social reality is presented though 3 stages of externalization, objectivation & internalization. In the first stage of this process, correct and value-based, objective and shared perceptions and interpretations about agreeable type of behavior and wearing (behavior and wearing standards) is shaped. In the second stage a new social reality about the Islamic type of behavior and wearing is created based on Islamic values, and finally in the third stage, underlying values of the new social reality is internalized and stabilized in the society.

Cultural revolution in Iran has been usually represented as an inescapable consequence of 1979 revolution, which imposed by government’ s will to suppress the opponents and stabilize new order. Such descriptions lack the conditions and disputes out of which the event emerged. In this article, we contend that making sense of cultural revolution requires a more effective illustration through understanding the historical conditions, its relation with society and a thick description of the events. Moreover, based on conjunctural analysis, we argue that the whole procedure of the event can be analyzed in three episodes: the emergence, Institutionalization, and reopening of the universities. It seems that a series of events had an active hand in the processes including the rise of Islamists, the state’ s weakness, the hostage crisis, the border unrests, the widespread clearings, the election of the first parliament, and the bombing of the offices of Islamic Republic Party and the prime minister. Furthermore, several critical issues initiate the event, including its scope and extension, the feature of post-revolutionary university, and the responsive authorities. In addition, the problem of academic order contributed in the period of Institutionalization and establishing the Bureau of the Cultural Revolution. The last but not the least problem formed around reopening of humanities in universities. We argued the articulation of events and problems led to problematization of cultural revolution. Also this articulation illustrates the beginnings of ideological cultural politics in post-revolutionary Iran.

The manner of clothing is a cultural element of the society. In public places in the society, it becomes a public issue and states interfere in it in different ways as they do in other public issues. In any society, it is possible to identify the dominant form of fashion in any specific period. The Institutionalization of a type of clothing in a society is considered to the result of the will of a nation, but states also directly or indirectly interfere in it in some cases. In modern societies, states determine and guarantee the limits of private and public domains. This paper is an attempt to explain whether it is possible to stably form the behaviors and feelings of a nation by compulsory mechanisms or whether it is necessary to use mental and cognitive mechanisms to institutionalize behaviors and feelings.

The present study aimed to examine the prediction of the effectiveness of facilitating factors in Institutionalization of descriptive evaluation. The correlation method was used for the descriptive study, and the statistical population included all the elementary teachers of Mashhad districts: 282 teachers were chosen using multi-stage cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 57 questions according to 8 facilitating factors presented by Ely and Surry States was used to collect data related to facilitating factors. Another researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 23 questions according to Hall and Hord’s ‘Institutionalization checklist’ was used to collect data related to Institutionalization levels. Following the data collection procedure, data were analyzed using SPSS21 software, the results of which indicated that 1) the majority of teachers were satisfied with the traditional evaluation; in their opinion, facilitating conditions of descriptive evaluation were inadequate for implementation of descriptive evaluation; 2) most teachers are located on three Institutionalization levels and there is no significant meaning between the mean scores of facilitating factors according to four levels of Institutionalization, i.e., levels one, two, three and four; 3) 10% of criterion variance through predictor variables can be established and 4) the result of the regression coefficients showed that the variables including knowledge, skills and commitment have a significant role in prediction of Institutionalization of evaluation.

This study examines the distinctions to differentiate the cognitive and social aspects of the work of science. The major difference between the social constructs discussed in this paper is the degree of Institutionalization. This factor is important in relation to scientific development. Since science is essentially cognitive structures and it is operated by scientists at different levels, this study has been devoted to cognitive development and two parts of them were investigated. In the research specializations where cognitive and social integration are low, a large number data is generated by small gatherings that are not necessarily consistent and coherent. At the end of this paper, it is concluded that the identification of scientists from their research domains and their specializations should be integrated in the light of a literary analysis.