Background: Retroperitoneal Hematoma (RPH) is one of the most serious complications after Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) Insertion. Although advances in clinical experience regarding IABP Insertion have led to a decrease in vascular complications such as RPH, its rate has remained considerably high. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the factors predicting RPH following IABP Insertion site injury. Methods: This retrospective cohort study of 2508 patients undergoing off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery over 4. 5 years allowed the identification and evaluation of all patients with RPH. The patients were divided into with RPH and without RPH groups. RPH prediction was analyzed by multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. SPSS, version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis. Results: RPH developed in 16 patients (overall prevalence: 0. 63%), with the highest frequency in low ejection fraction patients (3%). Female gender, compartment syndrome, IABP Insertion site, preoperative Clopidogrel usage, use of post-operative inotropic drugs, and body surface area were the predictors of RPH in multivariate analysis. Moreover, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the patients who had developed RPH compared to those who had not (50% vs. 1. 9%, P = 0. 004). Conclusions: RPH is a serious vascular access site complication of IABP, which has been associated with high morbidity and mortality. The current study findings indicated that such factors as female gender, BSA, IABP Insertion site, preoperative Clopidogrel usage, IABP usage, and post-operative inotrope drugs use could predict RPH. Identification of RPH risk factors could in turn prevent this problem.

Introduction: Usually osseointegration takes between three to six months after implant placement but patients are interested to have early loading. There are no definitive criteria for measuring bone mineral density (BMD), Insertion torque (IT) (final torque force) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) (primary implant stability) to determine exact loading time based on the relationship between the above-mentioned parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IT, RFA and BMD in screw-type implants.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients who were candidates for ITI implant placement. Written consent was taken and jaw bone density was determined via a digital radiography technique before surgery. After implant placement, RFA and IT were measured. Fifty-five ITI implants of the total 62 implants placed were evaluated; the implants were 12 mm long with a diameter of 4.1 mm. Data was analyzed with Pearson’s test using SPSS.15 software (a=0.05).Results: There was a significant relationship between IT, RFA and BMD. Pearson’s test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.872 to 0.789 between the three parameters, indicating a strong relationship between them. The mean bone density was 1.468±0.042 g/cm2; the mean RFA was 66.01±2.2 ISQ and the mean IT was 34.62±3.33 N/cm2.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study there is a significant relationship between, IT, RFA and BMD (p value=0.001).

Introduction: Diarrhoea is a major public health problem especially in developing countries, and despite the intensive efforts made in the field of prevention and treatment, it remains one of the biggest child –killers requiring further research. Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli are leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. Eae (intimin) gene located on LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) Pathogenecity island. eae in EPEC and EHEC pathotypes is responsible for attachig and effacing lesions in host intestinal epithelium. Nterminal part of the gene is conserved whereas the C-terminal is variable, resulting in heterogeneity of the gene in different isolates. the Insertion sites of LEE are SelC, PheU and PheV. the Insertion sites of LEE is depending on the clonal phylogeny of the E.coli strains.Materials & Methods: E.coli Strains used in this study were isolated from children with hospitalized in Tehran. The presence of eae gene, typing of the gene and determination of Insertion site of LEE pathogenecity islands was ascertained by PCR using primers in Table1. PCR products were further confirmed and subtyped by resteriction enzyme PstI. Detection of Stx genes was ascertained by PCR using primers in Table1.the isolates were typed with EPEC antisera.Results: In this study eae gene was detected in 11.8% of E.coli isolates and further typing showed that 15.7% were E1, 2.6% E2 , 23.6% F1 , 10.5% F2 , and 2.6% were G respectely. in this study 42.7% of isolates carried an untypiable intimin. Serology identified 21(42.1%) EPEC isolates but none of the isolates possessed Stx genes, 57.9% of isolates was belong to attachingeffacing Escherichia coli (AEEC). Among the isolates, SelC (47.61%) and PheU (42.87%) were the sites mainly used for Insertion of LEE and PheV was accupied only in two (9.52%) isolates. Discussion: Our data showed that in accordance with results from similar studies reported from other countries, presence rates of eae gene and typing of this gene is different and the difference is not significant. in this study 42.7 % of isolates carried an untypiable intimin that is similar to results from other countries. the Insertion sites for intimin type E and G was SelC, but type F was inserted in both PheU and PheV sites, similar to reportes for isolates in other part of the world.

Aims: One of the commonest complications of hemodialysis is infection secondary to central venous catheterization. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine (Betadine) on bacterial colonization and local infection at Shaldon catheter Insertion site among patients receiving hemodialysis.Methods: This study was conducted by using a Quasi-experimental design in 2013. In total, 56 patients who had undergone central venous catheterization for receiving hemodialysis at Golestan hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, were recruited and randomly allocated to either the chlorhexidine or the Betadine groups. The catheter Insertion site in the chlorhexidine and the Betadine groups was cleaned and disinfected by using chlorhexidine 4% and Betadine 10%, respectively. Groups were then compared with each other in terms of bacterial colonization and local infection at catheter Insertion site. The SPSS16 was used for performing the Fisher’s exact, the Chi-square, and the independent-samples ttests.Results: The incidence of bacterial colonization and local infection at catheter Insertion site in the chlorhexidine and the Betadine groups was 3.6% and 21.5%, respectively. The Fisher’s exact test showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding bacterial colonization (P value<0.001).Conclusions: Chlorhexidine is more effective than Betadine in minimizing bacterial colonization and local infection at the Insertion site of Shaldon catheter among patients receiving hemodialysis.

Most organizations in urban and urban structures in Ardabil embark on authority project planning and land use almost without scientific consideration of environmental potential, which does not conform to urban sustainable development. According to the soils physical analysis results, Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index of central and eastern part of the city are high. Also, due to the granolometric results of soil formation, there are high percentages of Clay, silt in the unresisting Quaternary alluvial and marl formation in the urban site. Therefore, high extension sensitive soil, silt and marl, gel fraction, capillarity frost heaving in some regions of Ardabil cause land subsidence, emergence of Creek, fussier and titling the structures walls and foundations and caused to intensive distraction of streets Asphalt. On the other hand, steepness of geology layers and topographic, influence of Neo-tectonic, and active micro faults, in the western parts of the city (Carshnasan and Cosar and Dadgostary) make the region a potentially high risk area. It is suggested, that urban sustainable planning must be undertaken with systematic study of site Geology, hydro-geomorphology and a prediction of probable problems.

Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the most common etiologic agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). The ability of Escherichia coli to cause UTI is associated with specific virulence determinants, which are encoded by pathogenicity islands (PAIs). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the distribution of PAIs among the UPEC isolates collected from patients with UTIs. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 100 E. coli isolates were collected from patients with UTIs using standard microbiological methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the identification of the main PAIs of UPEC according to Insertion sites and virulence markers. Results: In total, PAI IV536, PAI III536, PAI I536, PAI, IICFT073, PAI ICFT073, PAI IIJ96, PAI II536, and PAI IJ96 were detected in 23, 22, 17, 17, 13, 11, 11, and 8% of isolates. PAI combinations were identified in 15% of isolates. Conclusion: The results showed that PAIs of UPEC are not strain-specific and some strains can carry the PAIs associated with the prototype strains of UPEC simultaneously.

Introduction: Nowadays, various antibiotics and antiseptics are used as locally delivered adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of xanthan-based CHLO-site gel (xan-CHX) as a local adjunctive therapy to SRP in the treatment of moderate-to-severe periodontitis.Materials and Methods: In this controlled clinical trial, 6 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis were selected. Each subject had at least three pockets 4-7 mm deep. Twenty-eight randomly selected pockets were assigned to the control group and 44 pockets were assigned to the test group. Scaling and root planing (SRP) procedures were carried out in all the pockets. In the test group, in addition to SRP, xan-CHL gel was injected into the pockets. Clinical indices (PPD, CAL, BOP, PI) before and three months after treatment were measured and evaluated by paired t-test, chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis testes using SPSS software.Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between the control and experimental sites in relation to the indices measured. After 3 mouths, means of PPD and BOP in the experimental sites were significantly lower compared to control sites (p value£0.05). Mean of CAL in the experimental sites was significantly higher than that in control sites (p value£0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that injection of xan-CHL gel with SRP has better clinical efficacy than SRP alone in the treatment of periodontitis.