Electrocution is an important Issue in forensic and occupational medicine. In Addition to clectrical injuries, determining the manner of death and reasons of accident are very important. So during a 18 months period, all of such cases that referred to LMO for determining cause of death were studied. The results showed that the most common age range is 10-30 years old and the most common cause of Accident is occupational one.Ventricular fibrillation was the most prevalent cause of death the most dangerous situation was passing electrical current from right hand to legs.

Background and objective: Needle stick Injury (NSI) is a risk in some occupations. With attention to high prevalence of viral hepatitis in general population in our country, NSI is able to transmit of this virus in society. Furthermore, because of straight exposure to rubbish, cleaner are more susceptible to this risk. The aim of this study was determination of prevalence of NSI and its risk factors in Tehran manipulators personnel.Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study. 3127 subjects were selected from personnel of Tehan manipulator organization in 2005(1384). All subjects were assessed for demographic data, hepatitis risk factors and health history. Result: From all subjects, 15 persons (0.5%) had history of NSI. NSI was more prevalent in cleaners (16.2%) than non cleaners (0.2%) (P=0.001). Prevalence of NSI was higher in subjects who were less educated (P=0.030), with previous icter (P=0.01), self report of hepatitis (P=0.001), history of hepatitis in relatives (P=0.001) and history of liver diseases in relatives (P=0.004). There was no significant correlation between NSI and age (P=0.863), sex (P=0.980) and smoking history (P=0.356).Conclusion: Cleaners are at a higher risk of NSI (relative risk=81). This study showed that low education is a risk factor for NSI. Higher Previous history of icter, self report of previous hepatitis, history of hepatitis in relatives and history of liver diseases in family member may be causes of infection with viral hepatitis in these subjects that needs further study. On the basis of this study, more attention to put off sanitary rubbishes, education of persons at higher risk of exposure and screening programs seems to be necessary.

In the Dictionary of Epidemiology, Professor Last offers the following definition: “Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems”.1 I similarly try to define Injury epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of injuries and safety related statesevents in specified populations, and the application of this study to prevent injuries and promote safety.

Earthquakes may provoke crush injuries complicated by acute kidney Injury (AKI). Management of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure (ARF) following crush Injury is through improve the setting of primary triage and intensive care unit (ICU). This article summarizes scientific reports on management strategies of the ARF following crush Injury available until 2010. Measures that should take into account for disasters and traumatic rhabdomyolysis include establishment of epidemiologic data about specific disaster conditions that predispose traumatic rhabdomyolysis and AKI, assessment and rescue team, local and public interventions, and programmed medical and social trained team. Early rehydration, urine alkalinization and, forced diuresis improve the outcome of kidney Injury, risk of permanent renal failure and mortality.

Background: This article aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology, medical and rehabilitation issues and recent advances and emerging practices. We also intended to assess the validity of trials in head Injury and find the generalized concepts according to their results.Methods: All randomized controlled trials on the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with head Injury published before November 2010 was surveyed. Data were extracted on the number of participants, use of blinding, loss to follow up, and types of participants, interventions, and outcome measures.Results: Until November 2010, using several search engines, 479 reports were identified. The average number of participants per trial was 92. No trials were large enough to detect reliably a 5% absolute reduction in the risk of death or disability. Of 226 trials assessing disability, 211 reported the number of patients followed up, and average loss to follow up was 19%. Of trials measuring disability, 26% reported that outcome assessors were blinded.Conclusion: Randomized trials in head Injury are too small and poorly designed to detect or refute reliably moderate but clinically important benefits or hazards of treatment. Limited funding for Injury research and unfamiliarity with issues of consent may have been important obstacles.

Background: Simultaneous knee ligament Injury with ipsilateral diaphyseal leg fracture happens not infrequently. Such Injury could be missed on original evaluation of the broken limb. We report the prevalence of such occurrence in isolated ipsilateral diaphyseal leg fractures.Material and Methods: Eighty-two cases of diaphyseal leg fractures were enrolled in this study during a 18-month period. All these cases had a thorough examination of knee ligaments in the operating room following internal fixation of their fractures.Results: Of 82 cases 87.8 percent were male. Their average age was 27.2 years and 65.8 percent were involved in motorcycle accident. Sixteen cases (19.5%) with ligamentous Injury were observed which included 8 patients (9.7%) with medial collateral Injury (MCL), 6 (7.3%) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, 2 (2.4%) lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Injury and 2 (2.4%) posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear and in two cases simultaneous Injury of MCL and ACL occurred.Conclusions: Ipsilateral diaphyseal leg fractures, even in isolation, are associated with high risk of ipsilateral knee ligament injuries. This is an important fact to remember when dealing with such fractures.