Background: Dry cough is the most common adverse effect and limiting factor of all angiotensin converting-enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs). Prostaglandins have been pinpointed as playing an important role in the genesis of this problem. This double blind clinical trial desinged to study the efficacy of 500 milligram (mg) of aspirin comparing with placebo in controlling Enalapril-induced cough. Methods: The subjects were 32 patients who had developed Enalapril-induced cough. They were randomized into two groups: a group of daily dose of aspirin, 500 mg and a group of placebo for a treatment period of 4 weeks. Mean of cough severity was compared between two groups before treatment and weekly, until 4 weeks. Results: Mean of cough severity in aspirin and placebo groups before and at the end of first week of treatment did not show any significant difference. After the second, third, and fourth weeks, cough severity scores were significantly reduced in aspirin group (p<0.001). Conclusion: 500mg aspirin, once daily, can suppress or abolish Enalapril-induced cough and this finding proposes alternative therapeutic approach for ACEIs-induced related cough.        

Background and Objectives: Thalassemia is a hereditary anemia requiring lifelong transfusion treatment with thromboembolism as one of its side effects. In the present study, we tried to determine the activity of anticoagulant proteins in thalassemic patients.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Adult Thalassemia Clinic in Tehran. Measurement of protein C, S, and anti thrombin III levels were done. At the same time, we did these tests on 110 normal people who were matched by age and sex as the control group. The data were analyzed with Chi-Square, Pearson and T-test by SPSS 16.Results: Out of 127 patients with the mean age of 29.4 year (SD±10.6), 114 (89.8%) were spelenectomized. Seven patients (5.5%) had history of thrombosis with 2 of them being diagnosed as major and 5 intermedia; all of them were spelenectomized. In 61.1%, 67%, and 22.5% of thalassemic patients, the levels of protein C, protein S, and anti thrombin III decreased, respectively. We did not observe any correlation between these results and the type of thalassemia except antithrombin III (p=0.001).Conclusions: In our study, we observed significant decreased activity of protein C, S, and antithrombin III in comparison to the normal population which shows that thalassemic patients are prone to the thromboembolic events.

Nowadays, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (such as Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil, and Avanafil) are used to treat erectile dysfunction in men and pulmonary arterial hypertension. There have been numerous reported ocular side effects of these drugs including anterior ischemic neuropathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal hemorrhage, retinal vein occlusion, and retinal artery occlusion. Also, after taking phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, various subjective vision complaints, such as Cyanopsia, blurred vision, diplopia, and photopsia are expressed by patients. We extensively searched phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ocular side effects in the literature, using PubMed and Medline. In this review article, we classified the ocular side effects of these drugs and the controversies in the reports, the mechanism of action, paraclinical findings, as well as animal studies in this field.

Objective (s): To find out facilitators and هInhibitors for fertility desire among married people. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a convenient sample of married citizens referred to comprehensive centers of urban and rural health services in Khomeini city, Isfahan province, Iran in 2018. Data were collected using a questionnaire. For analyzing data, descriptive tests were performed using SPSS 20 software. Results: A total of 400 married individuals were entered into the study. The mean (SD) age of participants was 33. 2 (6. 75) years. The most commonly facilitating factors included decrease in treatment cost for infertility (76%), fear of fertility at higher age (74. 8%), improved techniques for childbirth (62. 5%), the belief that childbearing could strengthen family life (58. 6%), the help one might receive from child later in life (52/15%). The most important preventive reasons were: concern about future education (80. 3%) and job (80. 3%) and economic problems by bringing new children (58. 5%), and inadequate income (57. 3%). Conclusion: The findings from the study indicated a number of facilitating and inhibiting factors for fertility desire among married individuals. It seems that any interventions without considering such factors might be unsuccessful.