Identity has emerged gradually within contemporary debates in social science and has led to vivid debates in International Relations. The aim of this article is to show how identity, or identity-oriented approach, may affect fundamental theoretical concepts of IR. At first the importance of identity in theoretical and meta-theoretical debates in IR is discussed. Then identity itself is conceptualized. On the basis of a distinction made between political and normative impacts of identity, the next two sections examine the ways in which they have influenced changes in theoretical concepts such as power, security, sovereignty and diplomacy as well as normative ones such as human rights and ethics.

In this paper, pure proportional guidance in 3-D space is first explained with a new perception. The main idea is based upon the distinction between angular rate vector and rotation vector conceptions. In this innovation, the emphasis is based upon the selection of line of sight coordinates and comparison between the two available views for choosing this system. Then, using an additional term, an improvement to this law is made. This term compromises a cross range compensator, which is used to provide first fluctuations for obtaining convergent estimates of state variables. Then, a state-space description within the improved spherical coordinate system has been offered. The available measurements in this system have been chosen with regard to the considered practical points. Then, the issue of range-to-target estimation is proposed and some non-linear filters, such as extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter, particle filter, EKF particle filter, and UKF particle filter in the modified spherical coordinates have been used. Simulations indicate that the proposed tracking filters in conjunction with the dual guidance law are able to provide the convergence of the range estimation for both maneuvering and non-maneuvering targets.

An (m = 2)/(n = 1) locked mode has been observed in Iran-Tokamak1 (IR-Tl) at safety factor q = 2.5 during the plasma current flattop phase, and in this paper its main characteristics have been studied. It has also been shown that investigating the precursor phase of disruption maylead to predication of the disruption.

International relations as any domain of socio-political interactions faces with issues such just and unjust, moral and immoral, right and wrong, i. e., issues traditionally discussed in political theory. This article aims to examine the relationship between International Relations and political theory in its various aspects. The main concern here is to show how the two are tied together. It is argued that the connection is through three main ways: political theory is a source of inspiration and /or legitimization for theoretical claims of various IR theories; the presence of normative concerns usually associated with political theory in even the “ positivist” or “ scientific” theories of international relations; and finally the existence of international political theories with clear normative aspects especially as it has been reflected in communitarian/ cosmopolitan debate particularly between and among realists and liberals. This clearly shows the ever presence and inevitability of political theoretical notions and discussion for the theory of international relations.

During the last few years, IR scholars in Iran have been called to develop International Relations theories from an Iranian point of view. This article seeks to examine the structural context within which such an attempt is going to be made. The five components of this context have been recognized: the international position of Iran, basic Islamic/Iranian sources, dynamism of IR community in Iran, political context, and intellectual autonomy. An evaluation of this structural context suggests that even if theorizing IR from an Iranian point of view is both possible and preferable, this cannot be done unless structural constraints are overcome.

The measurement of current-carrying plasma column displacement is very important for plasma position control. In this paper, calculation and construction of these coils is explained. Multiple moment method has been used and derived for construction of sensing coils & measuring the Horizontal Displacement (H.D.) of plasma column. The comparison of their advantages and disadvantages are investigated.For IR-T1 Tokamak, Two Cosine coils & two Saddle Sine coils were designed and constructed, which have been placed diametrically around minor radius of torus. Then an electronic circuit was designed for adding and integrating the Cosine and Saddle Sine coils output with proper gain. The contribution and gain of each coil in final output is calculated. For compensation of unwanted pickups voltage from the time varying fields such as Vertical, Toroidal, Ohmic, Plasma current, etc. each signal with adjustable gain is added to main signal, until removing the additional field effect. Finally the signal which has been obtained holds good proportionality to H.D.In this circuit, for fast and more accuracy response, high frequency and low offset Op-Amps (Operational Amplifier) are used.

IR students in Iran do not find themselves strong enough in IR theories. Furthermore the published and unpublished work suggests that the relationship between theory and research is not appropriately established. This article is based on a research done to examine some hypotheses that can explain this partial weakness. Three sets of factors (teaching IR theories, IR theory sources available in Persian, and students’ attitude towards and interest in IR theories) were identified and nine main hypotheses were suggested and examined. The research findings suggest that the number of courses and some aspects of teaching IR theories as well as the quantity and quality of the available sources on IRT in Persian have influenced the knowledge level of students. Yet lack of interest and negative attitudes were not found as being influential.

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), reported cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence of all cancer types worldwide for 2018. The results were presented in the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) as an interactive webbased platform to present global cancer statistics1. The GCO inform cancer statistics status across the world and support cancer research. These data are the best data available for each country worldwide, including IR. Iran. . .

Water issues in Iran today have become the "problem" that requires action, and it is essential to find its nature and causes and dealing with solutions through public discussions of all stakeholders. In this context, the present article, in the first section, has provided an overview of the evolution of water governance in Iran. In the second part, with the purpose of the analysis problem, it draws the qualitative and quantitative portraying of water consumption according to numerous national and international reports and compares the water situation in Iran with other countries. The third section uses the interpretation of doctrine and system of reference in the public policy-making framework and explains the most important challenges of these sections alone and trans-sectional. The claim is that the reason for the current situation of water is beyond the sectional weakness and focuses on the level of authority, philosophy, and doctrine that have not been formed based on respect for nature and sustainable development. The final section relies on the recognized challenges and is dedicated to providing policy guidelines.