Background: Matricaria chamomilla (MC) has a series of flavonoid compounds with benzodiazepine-like properties.Objective: So it may be effective in the treatment of epilepsy and seizures. We evaluate the effect of INTRAPERITONEALLY injection of hydroalcoholic chamomilla extract on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in male rats.Methods: In this study, 56 male rats (200-250 g) were divided into to seven groups (n=8): 1-control (saline) 2 - MC 50 mg/kg, 3 - MC 100 mg/kg, 4 - MC 200 mg/kg, 5 - MC 500 mg/kg, 6 - Diazepam (0.2 mg/kg), 7 - Flumazenil (0.5 mg/kg)+MC 200. All groups received PTZ (65 mg/kg/ip) 30 minutes after material injection and the animal's convulsive behavior were recorded. The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS software with using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test.Results: The administration of hydroalcoholic extracts of chamomile, delayed onset of tonic seizures in the animal's anterior limb and body at all used dosages. This effect was significant at doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg, in compare with control group. Also the extract of chamomile reduced the total duration of seizure and the duration of tonic -colonic seizures dose - dependently, that were significant at 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg of dosage.Conclusion: Intra-peritoneal administration of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract can effectively reduce seizures that induced by PTZ in rats. Here by, it is recommended to identify its effective components by conducting complementary research.

Background: Psychostimulant amphetamine (Ecstasy and Crystal meth or n-methyl-1- phenyl-propan-2- amine) abuse has been prevalent among the youth of Iran in recant years. These substances have many adverse and destructive effects on several organs. Therefore, this study was done to determine the effect of crystal meth on pituitary-gonadal axis in adult male rats.Material and Methods: 28 male adult rats were divided into four groups; normal control group, and 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg bw Crystal meth-treatment groups. Animals in the Crystal meth-treated groups received 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg bw of Crystal meth INTRAPERITONEALLY for seven days. After 7 days, blood sample was taken from the left ventricle of the animal's heart and LH, FSH and testosterone concentration were measured using ELISA kit. The SPSS-16 statistical software was used to analyze data. All data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences were considered significant at the p<0.05 level.Results: Testosterone hormone concentration significantly increased in experimental groups (10 and 15 mg/kg bw) in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Concentrations of FSH and LH in the experimental groups (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg bw) significantly reduced in comparison with control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the hormonal examinations, we concluded that the use of Crystal meth causes destructive effects on the male pituitary-gonadal axis.

Introduction & Objective: With the industrialization of the nanotechnology, application of nanoparticles will increase in modern technology and many people exposure to this particles. So, study of effect of different concentration of nanoparticles on health impacts is necessary. The main aim of this study was to assess acute toxicity of Mo nanoparticles on serum biochemical function of liver in rat.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six. The first was control group and tree groups were treatment. Animals in the first group (control) received 1 ml distilled water and treatment groups received INTRAPERITONEALLY injection of Molybdenum nano particles (5, 10, 15 mg/Kg/BW) daily during 28 days. After the last dose, blood samples were taken from all groups and levels of LDH, ALT, AST and ALP were measured and groups were compared together.Results: The results showed that both doses of 5 and 10 mg/Kg/BW decreased significantly AST level compared to control group (p<0.05). Significant decrease in LDH level at 5 mg/Kg/BW dose obtained in compared to control group (p<0.05) and no significant difference obtained in ALT and ALP levels.Conclusion: The result of this study showed that Molybdenum nanoparticles at low concentrations because of its antagonistic effects on copper metabolism are not acute toxic.

Background: Little is known about Giberellic acid, a plant growth regulator used in many countries, on sperm parameters; so this study was conducted to evaluate its effects on sperm parameters.Materials and Methods: A number of twenty seven adult rats were divided into three groups (n=9): control group (C), control-sham group (C-Sh) and treatment group (Tr). The C-Shgroupand the Tr group were respectively injected 1% methanol and 2mg/kg BW Giberellic acid (dissolved in 1% methanol) INTRAPERITONEALLY, every other day. On days 15, 30 and 45 three rats from each group were evaluated for sperm parameters including total sperm count, viability (Eosin Negrosin staining), maturity (Aniline Blue staining) and chromatin integrity (using Acridine Orange staining).Results: There was no significant (p<0.05) difference between C and C-Sh groups in any of the parameters. Also no significant (p<0.05) difference between Tr and the other two groups in sperm chromatin integrity and sperm viability but there was a significant decrease in total sperm count of Tr group on day 45 and a significant increase in sperm maturity of this group on days 30 and 45 compared to the other two groups.Conclusion: The longer Gibberellic acid is used, the more its detrimental effects on sperm parameters couldtake place.

Introduction & aim: Magnesium playes an important role in the structure and cell metabolism. In this research, an anti-oxidant effect of magnesium sulfate against oxidative stress effects of 4 CCL was investigated.Methods: In this experimewtal study 36 male adults rats were placed into4 groups, with nine rats in each group. Treatment was then carried out as follows. Group I received olive oil (INTRAPERITONEALLY) and distilled water (intragastrically), and served as the untreated control animal group. Group II was the hepatotoxicity group that was given a suspension of 4 CCL (i.p., 0.5 mL/kg b.wt, 50% 4 CCL in olive oil), twice a week. Groups III received 4 MgSO dissolved in distilled water daily via an intragastric tube (0.15M 2 g/kg b.wt.) Groups IV were the treatment group that received 4 MgSO dissolved in distilled water daily, via an intragastric tube 0.15 Mg2 g/kg b.wt.),with 4 CCL (i.p., 0.5 mL/kg b.wt., 50% 4 CCL in olive oil) twice a week. After a 28-day treatment period, the animals were deprived of food overnight, anesthetized by exposure to diethyl ether, and then sacrificed by decapitation. Blood ws collected from the jugular vein, and serum was separated and used for liver marker assays. Levels of ALT, AST ALP and GGT were estimated using commercial kits. The liver homogenates were used for the assay of SOD .All data were expressed as means S.E.M. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test. The criterion for statistical significance was p<0.05.Results:In the 4 CCL -treated control group, serum ALT, AST, ALP and GGT were significantly increased as compared with the untreated control group. In contrast, the group that also received mgso4 Showed signifi cantlyless elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT. Compared to normal levels. Liver SOD activity in 4 CCL -treated rats was decreased significantly when compared with the the control group. Treatment with 4 MgSO protected this enzyme activity.Conclusion:The results of this study showed that magnesium sulfate has improved oxidative effect of 4 CCL in the liver rats because of its antioxidant properties.

BACKGROUND: In the past decades, medicinal plants were used to enhance the specific and non-specific defense mechanism and to increase resistance to disease. OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Curcuma longa L. on the hematological factors of Huso huso. METHODS: In this study, 90 beluga with average weight of 2. 403± 0. 006 Kg were kept on Shahid Rajai reproduction, culture and rehabilitation of sturgeon for 20 days. This number of fish were distributed in the three groups with the names curcumin, control (+) and control (-) with three replicates. After one week adaptation with experimental environment fish were injected INTRAPERITONEALLY. In curcumin group 400 mg/kgbw curcumin extract at the maximum volume of 0. 5 ml was used. In control (+)and in control (-) without injection 0. 5 ml of physiological serum was kept just to check fish experimental conditions. Blood was taken at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days post injection. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the amount of red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin and blood indices such as MCV, MCH, MCHC in the curcumin group was higher than the control group (control (+) and control (-)). CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study showed that use of curcumin in beluga has high impact on increasing Hematology parameters.

Negative effects of oxidative stress on serum, semen and testicular tissue have shown in patients with varicocele or in animal models. This study investigated the effects of sodium selenite on histological and histometrical parameters in testis of normal and varicocele-induced male Wistar rats. Forty-four rats were divided randomly in 11 groups: control group (1 ml/kg of saline INTRAPERITONEALLY), sham-operated control group (only surgery without varicocele, 1 ml/kg of saline INTRAPERITONEALLY, experimental varicocele groups (sodium selenite at doses 0. 05, 0. 1, 0. 2, and 0. 4 mg/kg, INTRAPERITONEALLY) and normal experimental groups (sodium selenite at doses 0. 05, 0. 1, 0. 2, and 0. 4 mg/kg, INTRAPERITONEALLY). Two months after surgery using Turner method, varicocele was induced in rats. Then, sodium selenite was administered continuously for 60 days. Testis tissue samples were collected for histological and histometrical studies. Sodium selenite caused a significant increase in thickness of epithelium of seminiferous tubules compared to varicocele control group (P<0. 01). Tubular differentiation index (TDI) and spermiogenesis index (SI) of seminiferous tubules showed an increase in sodium selenite groups compared to normal control group. TDI and SI of seminiferous tubules showed a significant decrease in varicocele control group compared to normal control group (P<0. 05). Sodium selenite caused a significant increase in number of leydig cells in varicocelized rats, compared to varicocele control group (P<0. 01). Taken together, the results of this study suggest that selenium treatment may have beneficial effect on the testis tissue of varicocelized rats.

Inroduction & Objective: Cadmium chloride causes liver injury. In this study, the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Passifloracaerulea aerial parts against hepatic dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in adult male rats was investigated. Material and Methods: Fifty-four adult male rats were divided into 6 groups of 9: control group; sham group1: received 0. 2ml/kg distilled water daily INTRAPERITONEALLY as solvent. Sham group2; received 2 mg/kg cadmium chloride daily INTRAPERITONEALLY during 21 days; experimental groups 1, 2 and 3: received 2 mg/kg cadmium chloride daily INTRAPERITONEALLY during 21 days and then the hydroalcoholic extract of Passifloracaerulea aerial parts at the doses of 150, 300, 450mg/kg INTRAPERITONEALLY during 30 days. The serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH, albumin, bilirubin, and total protein were measured. The pathological examination of hepatic tissue samples were done after hematoxylin-eosin staining Results: The mean levels of ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH and bilirubin in the all experimental groups showed a significant decrease compared to the group receiving cadmium chloride. The mean levels of AST in the experimental groups 2 and 3 showed a significant decrease compared to the group receiving cadmium chloride. The mean serum albumin and total protein concentration in experimental groups 2and 3 increased significantly compared to the group receiving cadmium chloride. In all experimental groups the hepatic tissue changes induced by cadmium chloride improved which were dose dependent (P˂ 0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Passifloracaerulea aerial parts had protective effects against the hepatic dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in adult male rats.

Aims: One of the most basic methods for coping with diseases and pain relief had been the use of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to the determination of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Salvia multicaulis hydroalcoholic extract.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were divided in 6 groups (n=7); the control (receive nothing), the sham (receive solvent INTRAPERITONEALLY) and 4 groups that received plant extract at the doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg INTRAPERITONEALLY. Tail flick and formalin test were used for evaluation of thermal and chemical pain, also for assessment the degree of inflammation, rat paw edema volume was acquired by plethysmometric test. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 software by ANOVA with repeated measuring and T student tests.Findings: The INTRAPERITONEALLY injection of extract in all doses decreased the chemical pain induced by formalin (p<0.05). Hydroalcoholic extract of plant at doses 200 and 400mg/kg caused hyperalgesia in compared with control group (p<0.01). All concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of plant decreased the inflammation (p<0.01).Conclusion: INTRAPERITONEALLY administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia multicaulis has analgesic effects.

Background: The aim of this study was to perform a functional and histological study of the effect of coenzyme Q10 using allografts in a rat sciatic nerve repair model. Materials and Methods: 45 male rats were randomly divided into three groups of 15. The first group received 10 μ, l of sterile normal saline buffer solution INTRAPERITONEALLY for one week. Buffer was injected INTRAPERITONEALLY to each rat. In the third group, the left sciatic nerve was removed and each rat received the sciatic nerve extracted from the second group and was injected INTRAPERITONEALLY with the same volume of coenzyme Q10 at a dose of 200 mg / kg / day for one week. Rats underwent histological evaluation and histomorphometric studies and sciatic nerve function index at 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Results: The morphometric and functional indices of the sciatic nerve in the third group were significantly different from the second group (P <0. 05). These indicators were improved in the third group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that topical injection of coenzyme Q10 in the inflammatory phase after rat sciatic nerve resection accelerated the process of nerve regeneration by reducing the process of secondary damage.