Income Tax and Labour SUPPLY is an important part in public sector Economics. Income tax affects labour SUPPLY which in turn affects the national income. Economic theory cannot predict the effect of tax on Labour SUPPLY, because are in opposite directions. This research is concerned with the effect substitution and income effects of taxation on labour SUPPLY by an econometric study of cross-sectional data. It is assumed that the effect of taxation is to alter budget constraints. Because different INDIVIDUALs have different gross wage rates and different amounts of other income, they have different budget constraints. If difference in preferences are adequately controlled for, it is possible to derive labour SUPPLY estimates from the cross-sectional data which can then be used as basis for estimating the effect of taxation. In this study we show that the effects of net wage rate on labour SUPPLY is significant, that non wage income is not significant. We finally recommend a policy for tax refoRm by changing the marginal tax rate.

Despite the belief of many economic scholars, women have played a significant role in the industrialization process of communities. Unfortunately, although women have the necessary competence to accept society responsibilities, inappropriate behavior and discriminatory is imposed to them and this problem has caused the women's participation rate slower than the participation rate of men. As women's economic participation rate is the measure of progress and development in developed and developing nations, the issue of women's economic participation is of great importance. This study aims at estimating the women’s participation in Iranian economy using macroeconomic data and econometric method of panel data. Results show that women's economic participation rate in 28 provinces of Iran is affected by the main variable of wage rate and also by the control variables such as gross domestic production per capita, unemployment rate etc. Results also show that increasing the share of industrial and agricultural sectors in SUPPLYing new occupations has positive effect on women’s participation while an increase in the share of services sector in the SUPPLY of new occupations has a negative effect.

Dual job holding is widespread in Iran's LABOR market, 18% of work force are holding second job in 1993, which increased to 19% in 2003. Using a rich three years panel data-set of socioeconomic characteristics of Iranian households, the article aims to examine the determinants of dual job holding across the INDIVIDUALs who have participated in the LABOR market. Since the issue of dual job holding is the result of a two selection processes by the INDIVIDUALs, we apply a dual sample selection technique in the econometric analysis, which is based on the Tunali (1985). Our findings explore that age, gender, marital status, education are the main determinants of work hours in the first job, and wage rate in the first job, gender and age are the main driving forces of the second job holding probability.

Government interventions in agricultural markets in order to stabilize commodity prices and producer incomes have had a long tradition. Intervention has been at both the state and country levels and has been for the most part in the form of commodity-based schemes. This study represents an attempt to develop an appropriate methodology for analyzing the aggregate effects of a particular type of policy rule. This type of policy rule is one for which the unit of observation is the INDIVIDUAL farm unit rather than the INDIVIDUAL unit of commodity. The methodology developed in this paper represents an initial attempt to provide the necessary micro- macro modeling with SUPPLY response which is required for analyzing the aggregate effects of whole-farm income support programs. The methodology will be illustrated by an empirical application of the aggregate impacts of the whole-farm program in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Iranian female participation rate in the LABOR market of Iran in the recent decade shows a increasing trend which amounted from 8% in 1999 to 18% in 2005  Using parametric and non-parametric econometrics methods, in this research we aim to study the behavior of INDIVIDUAL married females LABOR participation. Our dataset consist of the annually budget survey of 2006 which is reported by statistical center of Iran. Our findings from parametric analysis show that the number of kids less than 6-years old, non-LABOR income and husband’s monthly income are the main determinants of women’s participation in the LABOR market, and they affect negatively the probability of LABOR participation. Moreover, the effect of age is positive but decrearsing, however individula’s education level increases the probability. Number of children older than 6-years is not a significant explanatory variable in the model. On the other hand, results of the non-parametric model are in some extent different. Findings indicate that INDIVIDUAL LABOR participation have identical pattern for all of females. Namely; reaction of INDIVIDUALs to explanatory variables are in the same directions. Number of kids (less or greater than 6) are the leading force for market participation in both the rural and urban areas.