Stepped spillways are an accessory of reservoirs and water conveyance system, which dissipate flow energy and reduce the size and costs of stilling basins (SBs). As the reverse INCLINATION of each step helps form a small SB, therefore, energy dissipation becomes more efficient. In this study, using a Plexiglas spillway (height: 72 em), which was installed in an experimental flume (width: 50 em), various arrangements of numbers and INCLINATION steps of spillway were investigated installing 12 set-ups. The first experiment was conducted on the weir itself without any steps; another set-up was with one step without INCLINATION and one step with reverse INCLINATION. This procedure was continued asymmetrically with the array of 8 steps. As expected to efficiently dissipate the energy, more steps are required as the flow increases. It was observed that one inclined plus two horizontal steps provide the best energy dissipater array. Furthermore, it was revealed that there was a limit to increase the number of steps and their INCLINATION in energy dissipation, i.e., efficiency may not be enhanced by increasing the number of inclined steps.

Introduction: Narcotic drug abuse and illicit use of drugs is a major, complicated multifactorial phenomenon affecting most of the societies today. Incidence of drug abuse among adolescents is very high. Adolescents become addicted to substances more quickly than adults. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of drug abuse among male adolescents in Hamadan.Methods: This study was a descriptive study and samples (n=400) were collected on the basis of snowball sampling method. Information was collected individually through completion of a researcher-designed questionnaire including demographic and epidemiological indices, perceived familial support, religiosity, and locus of control.Results: The results showed that smoking (93%), alcohol (92.5%), marijuana (64.3%), and opium (57.8%) use were very high, while LSD (4.8%) and Cocaine(2.3%) use was rare. 77.8 % of adolescents began drug abuse between 12 and 18 years of age. Moreover, sensation seeking (26.5%), individual interest (24.8%), and peer pressure (22%), were the main reasons for drug abuse.Conclusion: As initial smoking, alcohol and marijuana use play an important role in determining the future addiction of adolescents to narcotics, yearly surveillance programs in the country and evaluation of etiological factors of narcotic addiction need to be studied carefully. All of the preventive and school programs designed for the young should take into account environmental, demographic and policy factors in addition to personal factors so that the programs have a maximum effect.

Objective: In light of recent economic trends, organizations face an inevitable need to invest in human resources to maintain their competitive edge. The presence of competent employees with professional knowledge and skills serves as a key factor in creating a competitive advantage for auditing firms. Acknowledging that employees serve as the most vital and fundamental assets of auditing institutions, it becomes imperative to address a fundamental concern within the auditing profession i. e., the INCLINATION of auditors to quit the profession. Referred to as "brain drain, " the phenomenon has the potential to pose a significant threat to the overall quality and credibility of the auditing profession. This study aims to investigate and assess the primary factors that impact the intention of auditors to quit the auditing profession in Iran. Methods: This is a quantitative study conducted in 2021. Initially, a comprehensive review of the research literature to extract was conducted to identify the main components contributing to the intention to exit the auditing profession. Subsequently, a research questionnaire was designed using exploratory factor analysis to identify the factors influencing auditors' decision to leave the profession. Finally, a path analysis was done to examine the impact of each factor on auditors' intention to quit the profession. The target population comprised the auditors in auditing firms affiliated with the Association of Official Accountants in Iran, excluding senior supervisors, managers, and partners who may possess distinct reasons for intending to leave the auditing profession despite their expertise and competence. The estimated population size in 2021 was 3, 481 individuals, and the sample size was determined to be 346 individuals using the Cochran formula. Results: According to the statistical analyses carried out in this study, factors such as auditing remuneration, future career prospects, job characteristics, and organizational support have a significant and positive impact on the intention to depart from the auditing profession. However, factors such as adherence to professional ethics by partners and managers, as well as commitment, demonstrate a significant influence on the intention to leave the profession. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of addressing specific factors to retain skilled and committed professionals in auditing firms and reduce their intention to exit the profession. To effectively mitigate the intention to exit the auditing profession, it is essential to address auditing remuneration under the rates approved by the Iranian Association of Official Accountants, foster a forward-looking mindset, embrace innovative technologies and approaches, cultivate a positive vision for the profession's future, and enhance the work environment and organizational support. These measures, once implemented, lead to an improvement in the quality of audit reports.

The human body is endowed with varied forms of social significance, and it is this which sociology has addressed by asking questions such as: To what degree do individuals have control over their own bodies? Using familiar examples from everyday life, such as diet and exercise regimes, personal hygiene, dress, displays of emotion, and control over bodily functions.This research investigates the body management among the student of Sabz University of Amol in Northern Iran. For this Purpose, 200 students were chosen from 350 by random classification. The methodology was descriptive-survey. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 53 questions in five point Likert scale. The t-test and hierarchical regression was used for data analysis. The result, showed that all 8 subdivisions of body management were above the average and current situation significantly was upper the average.

Concurrence with extensive developments in all social, political areas of Iran in the constitution era, Persian literature has not been immune from these developments and based on the new era requisites, developments have occurred both in appearance and meaning. In the aspect of meaning and contemplation, poem in constitution era, is the scene of different attitudes and tendencies with past periods including reported conception of endoplasm home which in indication of development in the home conception and evolution in its justifications. The tendency toward ancient Iran with different attitudes and INCLINATIONs is in these period, including mental metamorphose of poet in this era, who so many .patriotic poets have INCLINATION toward it. Ancient INCLINATION has different foundations and meanings. INCLINATION toward ancient periods or past language and escape from its customs, and is among most important meaning. Those who have INCLINATION toward ancient period with common: principal in their INCLINATION for ancient Iran, are different in motives.It seems the most prominent motives for considering Iran Ancient are: revival of national identity, exaggerated optimism to ward ancient Iran, healing inferiority complex against foreigner and fight against Islam, criticism from present circumstances, motivation of national proud and invincibility.

Aim: To achieve Andrews six keys of occlusion is a component of treatment goals of each orthodontist. Present study was carried out in order to evaluate six keys in 40 dental casts with normal occlusion.Method & Material: In this descriptive, cross- sectional study molar relationship, existence of space between teeth and dental rotation was evaluated and curve of spee, crowns angulation and INCLINATION of teeth was measured.Results: The results of this study showed that although Andrews normal keys exist in our samples, some differences are observed including the following: I) The mean of angulations and INCLINATION angles of crown of some teeth weren't similar to Andrews samples and these differences are statistically significant 2) The curve of spee wasn't completely flat in any of our samples 3) In some cases a small space (lower than 0.5mm) existed distal to the lower canine or mesial to the upper canine.Conclusion: The differences that been- observed between results of present and Andrews' study can be due ethenic difference between two groups samples.

This study determined effect of automobile seat backrest INCLINATION on lattisimus dorsi muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity. Myoelectric activity was determined at two seat backrest angles (90 degrees and 100 degrees INCLINATIONs). Twenty-one (21) participants were engaged in the study. Electromygraphic activity at 90 degrees INCLINATION had slope value of-0. 065 mV/minute while 100 degrees had slope value-0. 044 mV/minute. Myoelectric data indicated activity at 100 degrees was lesser than at 90 degrees for latissimus dorsi muscles. Results of the experiment were significant (P=0. 01). Myoelectric results indicated that activity of the latissimus dorsi muscles decreased with increase in backrest angle.

This study examines the interaction of twin oblique turbulent slot-jets of different directions (divergent, convergent or parallel) impinging a heated wall. A comparison of the results is done between the cases of perpendicular jets and three cases of twinned jets (parallel, convergent and divergent). The twin slot jets are located on a confining adiabatic wall at a distance of 8 slot jet width. Convective heat is investigated numerically examining the effect of Reynolds number (Re) and jet INCLINATION angle ( ). This problem is relevant to a wide range of practical applications including nuclear engineering devices, manufacturing, material processing, electronic cooling, drying paper or textile, tempering of glass, etc. The numerical investigation is performed using two dimensional large eddy simulations (LES) approach with Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) models. The results show the presence of a complex flow resulting from the interaction of the two jets. When the impingement angle is reduced from 0° (perpendicular impingement) to 60° , the position of the stagnation points are modified and therefore the peaks of the Nusselt number locations on the impingement surface and their magnitude, vary. For largest Reynolds number Nusselt number is enhanced for all types of INCLINATION. The averaged Nusselt number shows that the perpendicular impingement gives better heat transfer than that of the oblique jets. The poor heat transfer is obtained for the parallel oblique jets. For the same angle, divergent jets give smallest heat transfer than the convergent jets.