High energy electron beams are one of those ionizing radiation beams that are being widely used in nuclear medicine for treatment of cancerous tumors. However, these beams may also harm the healthy cells in traversing the patient body. Accordingly, knowing the dose distribution in a tissue-equivalent phantom is the main requirement in an electron therapy treatment design. In recent years, great interest is attracted toward the application of digital Holography method for accurate three dimensional measurement and monitoring of the absorbed dose. In this work, design and modelling of a mobile dosimetric instrument, which works based on the digital Holography principles, are studied and a new approach is developed for measuring the absorbed dose of electron radiation using the digital Holography technique with a laser beam. The proposed method for measuring the absorbed dose is also developed to be immune against the environmental noises that are present in difficult situations. Monte Carlo and numerical modelling of the instrument, demonstrate its capability in accurate measurement of the absorbed dose.

In this paper, we use the holographic renormalization method to calculate the two-point correlation functions of the CFT stress tensor. In the gravity side, we write the asymptotically AdS spacetimes in the BMS gauge and apply the standard holographic renormalization method for these space-times. The significance of using multi-point functions in this gauge is that its flat-space limit is well-defined. We discuss this point in the last section of the paper.

In this paper, we aim to investigate the electric conductivity of an out of equilibrium system of QCD at low temperatures. One way to study such systems is to apply a time dependent electric field and examine the out of equilibrium behavior of the system. The electric field produces pairs of quarks and antiquarks from the field theory vacuum leading to an electric current. By using the relation between the applied electric field and its relevant current, the electric conductivity of the field theory can be obtained. We use a non-critical holographic model of QCD to study the time dependent out of equilibrium solution of the system non-perturbatively and examine the effects of parameters such as electric field magnitude and frequency as well as the charge density on electric conductivity. Finally, we compare our results with those from other holographic models.

Considering the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in a 4-dimensional Einstein Gravity, we find a black brane solution in the AdS space. For this setup, by using the AdS/CFT Holography, we find non-Abelian color conductivity of the gauge theory on the boundary of the AdS space. Color conductivity is defined by the generalized Ohm’ s law and computed by applying Holography to the linear response theory.

Digital Holographic interferometry is a powerful and widely used optical technique for accurate measurement of variations in physical quantities such as density, refractive index, and etc. In this study, an experimental digital holographic interferometry setup was designed and used to measure the amount of energy changes induced by absorption of radiation from a non-ionizing infrared laser beam in a water cell. An effective theoretical method is used to measure the absorption dose, which is based on tracing of the interference pattern displacement due to changes in the energy content of the adsorbent material. It is shown that the results of the interferometric method are in good agreement with the results obtained from the measurement with a precise temperature sensor. Experimental results show the capability of this optical method for non-contact and non-intrusive monitoring of the changes in the amount of absorbed energy by non-ionizing laser radiation in material.

We consider the sign of holographic n-partite information in holographic model with momentum relaxation. The system consists n disjoint strips with the same separation and width. The momentum dissipation is achieved by the spatially dependent scalar fields. We particularly show tripartite information is always negative, which implies that the holographic mutual information is monogamous. We also study the monogamy property of 4-partite information by considering the sign of holographic 5-partite information. It is shown that in 2-dimensional dual field theory, the 4-partite information holds the monogamy relation. Finally, we examine the holographic quantum phase transition of these quantities. Our results indicates that in the presence of momentum relaxation parameter, the transition takes place in smaller separation of subsystems.

The operation principle of calorimeters used for dosimetry of ionizing radiations is based on measuring the induced temperature difference in the absorbent due to thermal energy deposition of the ionization radiation. In recent years, one of these methods has been the holographic optical calorimetry by laser beams. One of the issues that affect the response accuracy of the calorimeters is the heat transfer phenomenon in the adsorbent material. This phenomenon affects the measurement accuracy of the absorbed dose. In this work, using numerical coding in the FORTRAN environment, the dose profile change due to heat transfer effects in the PMMA tissueequivalent material inside a holographic interferometry calorimeter has been investigated and the results have been compared with the finite element method results.

As we move into a knowledge-based economy where information, knowledge, and learning are key resources, the learning” how to learn” provides a powerful tool for creating organizations ideally suited to the digital age. A holographic organization uses principles to record information in a way that stores the whole in all of the parts. Holography demonstrates that it is possible to create processes where the whole can be encoded in all of the parts, so that each and every part represents the whole. The primary objective of this article is to design a holographic organization that can learn, adapt, create, and change in conjunction with rapid changes in the environment.

Ultrasonic testing (UT) for medical examination as well as metal flaw detection is a popular method. From the beginning of ultrasonic testing conducted by Mulhauser in 1931, a lot of new things and technologies emerged in UT testing. This review paper deals with progress in detecting human organs as well as materials flaws and future prospects of UT for metal flaw detection. Study on components of UT system is conducted. Then typical UT inspection system is determined. After that advantages and disadvantages of UT have been reviewed. Major types of waves in ultrasound with considering UT instruments have been reviewed as well. Progress in different areas of UT have been discussed extensively with more emphasis on progress in composite piezoelectric materials, variations of probes, EMAT (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer), focused probe, focusing axicon probe, focused phased arrays, LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) generation of ultrasound, acoustic Holography, and ultrasonic microscopy. At the end future prospects of UT have been reviewed as well as recommendations have been provided.

Improving performance has always been a major challenge for public and private sector organizations. In this context, one of the strategic approaches of organizations for achieving high performance and achieving remarkable success is to develop systematic thinking in the organization. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of system thinking and its dimensions including hierarchy, concurrency and multiplicity, Holography, ambiguous component dependency and environmental relevance on organizational performance improvement. The purpose of this study is applied and descriptive-survey method. The statistical population consists of one of the military personnel who were selected using a Cochran formula of 341 individuals. Data were collected using a 62-item questionnaire consisting of two components of organizational performance and systematic thinking. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that systematic thinking and each of its dimensions had a significant impact on organizational performance improvement. Accordingly, the systemic thinking variable was able to predict 45% of organizational performance improvement.