Background: osteotomy around the knee is one of the most common corrective surgeries for lower limb deformities. The exact relationship between the effects of these surgeries on the ankle joint is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HTO on the subtalar joint in patients with genu varum. Methods: In the case series study33 patients including 27. 2% men and 72. 7% womenwith an average age of 41. 9, with genu varum who underwent corrective surgery of open wedge High tibial osteotomy were studied. the heel alignment angle was determined before and after surgery in 10-months follow-up based on Saltzman view in conventional radiography. The data were then compared. Results: Average genu varum correction angle was 11. 9± 1. 3 ° . Heel alignment degree was 5. 9± 1. 3 ° before HTO surgery, and after the surgery, in final follow-up, it was to 3. 4± 1. 2 ° valgus, this value was statisticallysignificant(p=0. 04). Moreover, there was a significant statistical relationship between average correction of Varus deformity and heel alignment anglechanges (P=0. 02, r=0. 3). Conclusion: Correcting Varus knee deformity can be effectiveon heel alignment angle in patients undergoing HTO surgery with genu varum. The angle of the subtalar valgus decreases as a result.

Background and Aims: Various methods are used for treatment of open bite. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Lower Anterior High Pull Headgear (LAHPH) appliance in Class I subjects with moderate open bite and High lower lip line.Materials and Methods: The study group was composed of 10 subjects with a mean age of 15.8±2.5 years and 3.05±0.07 mm moderate open bite. All the patients rejected or thognathic surgery. The treatment included extraction of upper and lower second premolars followed by leveling, banding, bonding, posterior space closure, and anterior retraction. After these procedures, the open bite was reduced to 2.04±1.17 mm. afterwards; LAHPH was applied for 18 hours per day for 8±2 months. LAHPH appliance was composed of High Pull Headgear and two hooks mounted on its inner bow. Two elastics (1.8, light, Dentaurum) connected the upper hooks on the inner bow to the lower hooks on the mandibular canines vertically. The forces produced by the prescribed elastics were 10 and 60 g during mouth closing and opening, respectively. Paired T-test was used to evaluate pre-and post-treatment outcomes.Results: The pre-and post-treatment cephalometric evaluations showed that the LAHPH reduced effectively the open bite of the patients to 0.15±1.7 mm (P<0.001).Conclusion: This appliance can be used as an acceptable method for closing the open bite in Class I subjects.

Background: The High Resolution Melting (HRM) method is a new scanning method for detecting unknown changes in DNA and its advantages have persuaded researchers to recruit it as a screening method. Objectives: Here, we developed a HRM method to screen R188H SNP (rs3218536) of XRCC2 and compared the results with a well known PCRRFLP technique.Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA samples from 350 healthy individuals were obtained. PCR-HRM analysis and PCR-RFLP method were performed simultaneously.Results: Three different melting profiles corresponding to three different genotypes recognized by HRM analysis. The results of PCR-RFLP showed no discrepancy. Conclusions: We concluded that the HRM technique can be used as a screening method for rapid discrimination of R188H genotypes in XRCC2 gene.

Background and Objectives: Knee joint as the largest synovial joint in the body, consists of the lateral collateral ligament, cruciate ligament, and medial and lateral meniscus. For proper management, identification of damage to any structures of the knee is necessary. In this study, snsitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of High resolution CT scan in meniscal lesions, were assessed. Methods: In this test accuracy assessment study, 57 patients with a history of positive meniscus lesion, who referred to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan city from 2015 to 2016, were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging, High resolution computed tomography, and arthroscopy. Magnetic resonance imaging and High resolution computed tomography data, were compared to knee arthroscopy as the diagnosis gold standard. Kappa (κ ) correlation coefficient was used to calculate the consistency of the tests. Results: Out of the 57 patients presented with meniscal lesion, 52 patients (91. 2%) were male and 5 patients (8. 8%) were female. The Highest incidence of meniscal lesions was in ages from 21 to 30 years. Among the causes of meniscal lesions, exercise with prevalence of 47. 9%, was the most prevalent cause of injury. In comparison with arthroscopy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of High resolution computed tomography were determined to be 64. 7%, 55%, and 60%, respectively, and for magnetic resonance imaging were 85. 2%, 50%, and 77. 5%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of High resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of meniscal lesions, was lower than the previous studies.

Background and Objectives: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a vascular complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Calcium Dobesilate (CD) on decreasing Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and High sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) serum levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy.Materials and Methods: Ninety adults with type II diabetes having DR complication were included in this double-blind randomized clinical trial study. Patients categorized in two groups of case (diabetic retinopathy patents treated with CD) and control (diabetic retinopathy patents without CD treatment), age and sex-matched randomly between two groups during seventeen month period in Tabriz Nikookari eye Hospital and Sheikholrais clinical center. The case group received 500mg of CD for three month, The serum level of hs-CRP and ET-1, was recorded in all patients before and after administration of CD and compared between both groups.Results: Ninety patients with diabetic retinopathy, including of 30 males and 60 females, with the mean age of 59.18±7.13 years were enrolled in the study. The mean level of serum endothelin-1 was significantly different in the case group than control group after treatment with CD as well (0.69±0.32 pg/ml vs.0.86±0.30 pg/ml; p=0.005), and also there was a significant different of mean serum level of hs-CRP after treatment with Doxium between the case and control group, as well (3.28±3.28 mg/L vs.4.67±3.75 mg/L; p=0.006; respectively).Conclusions: Treatment with CD can decrease the serum levels of ET-1 and hs-CRP as two important inflammatory biomarkers in patients with diabetic retinopathy. More studies are recommended to be carried out in this regard.

In the present investigation, the sensitivity of a SnO2-based sensor in the presence of simulated automotive exhaust gases at different temperatures is investigated. The simulated gas is CO and/or ethane mixed with different amounts of air, to provide the corresponding automotive exhaust gases with different air-to fuel ratios at inlet to the engine. The sensor response is investigated at temperatures ranging from 300-400 oC for CO and 400-460 oC for ethane. As the air-to-fuel (CO and/or C2H6) weight ratio is varied, the resistance of the sensor shows an S-shape response: a low value for the sensor resistance at low air-to-fuel (ATF) ratios, a transition region, and a High value at High ATF ratios. The changes in the transition region, depending on the temperature and reducing gas, is as High as one to three orders of magnitude. For CO, the transition region occurs at ATF ratios lower than the stoichiometric value, while for C2H6 it occurs at values Higher than that of stoichiometric. When the simulated gas passes through a catalytic burning chamber upstream of the sensor, a sharp transition in the sensor resistance occurs right at the stoichiometric ATF ratio. Therefore, the sensor can be

Purpose: Application of heavy forces to maxillary dentition during treatment with headgear, induces High concentration of stresses in periodontal tissue. Quantification of this stress is of great concern in orthodontics. This study was designed to investigate the quantity and quality of stress response in the PDL of maxillary first molar which was subjected to High pull headgear traction using Finite Element method.Methods and Material: In an experimental study, a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition, consisting of 17096 elements and 23013 nodes, was developed based on a young human skull. The forces were applied to the maxillary first molar in the stabilized Arch by means of a rectangular full size arch wire in (022) slot bracket. Mechanical properties of this model were based on previous studies. A 350 gram force was used for High pull headgear to affect the dentition (+30 degree) and stress distribution was investigated in buccal, palatal, mesial and distal side and in cervical, middle, apical sections of the PDL. The quantity of stresses were expressed as principal stresses (1,2,3), while the negative and positive signs indicated compressive and tensile stresses.Results: The buccal surface of PDL of mesiobuccal root and the buccal, palatal and distal surface in cervical region of PDL of distobuccal root and the distal surface of the PDL of palatal root had received a great deal of stresses, in addition, the over all stress distribution in roots of molar had intrusive nature.Conclusion: The extension of High stress concentration areas observed after using High pull headgear is limited to some root surfaces specially the distobuccal root.

Background: One of the toxins accumulated in the body of hemodialysis patients is beta- 2 microglobulin which is caused and increased by various factors. The one of this factors that can affect beta-2 macroglobulin is of membrane type that using in hemodialysis. In the present study, we examined the impact of C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory factor on beta-2 microglobulin in High-flux membrane hemodialysis patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 44 hemodialysis patients that have been dialyzed in two academic centers; Sina and Amir Alam Hospitals, Tehran, Iran from 2013 to 2014. The patients were hemodialyzed via fistula or permanent catheters three times a week for 4 hours for more than three months. Patients with known infectious disease, hemodialysis with low-flux membrane and dialysis less than three times a week were excluded. All patients were hemodialyzed using Fresenius biocompatible High-flux membrane (FX 100, Fresenius, Massachusetts, USA). Arterial blood sampling was performed. beta-2 microglobulin, CRP, BUN and creatinine tests were conducted for all patients.Results: Forty-four patients among the chronic hemodialysis patients were selected for final analysis.20 males (44.5%) and 24 females (54.5%) were included in this study.The frequencies of underlying disease in patients participating in the study were as follows: hypertension, 23 cases (52.3%); diabetes mellitus, 11 cases (25%); hypertension and diabetes mellitus, 2 cases (4.5%); obstructive disorder, 2 cases (4.5%). In 23 patients (52.3%), beta-2 macroglobulin was>12 mg/l and in 21 (47.7%), it was<12 mg/l. 29 cases (65.9%) had CRP values less than or equal 6 mg/l. However, there was no significant differences between beta-2 microglobulin and CRP levels (P=0.460). Also regression analysis of data showed no relationship between beta-2 microglobulin and CRP levels (r=-047, P=0.763).Conclusion: Although it seems that inflammatory factors can be effective in increasing beta-2 microglobulin, the present study did not find such a relationship between CRP and beta-2 microglobulin.