Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality in the world. Increased blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Decreasing blood pressure due to exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular incidents. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product.materials and methods: To evaluate the effects of intensity and volume of resistance exercises on the post-exercise cardiovascular responses, 10 young untrained non-athletic men (age: 22±0.8 years; height: 173.05±2.4 cms and weight: 67.2±3.4 kgs) participated in this study as the subjects. The subjects performed four exercise bouts in a randomized order. Each bout consisted of five exercises: arm curl, hamstring curl, squat, seated lat pull-down and bench press. The exercises were determined to be performed at three sets: SHORT volume of LOW 40% 1RM (SL) and HIGH intensity 80%1RM (SH) and at six sets: LONG volume of LOW 40% 1RM (LL) and HIGH intensity 80% 1RM (LH). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) (product of HR and systolic BP) were measured before the exercise (baseline) and at the ten-minute intervals within 90 minutes after each exercise. Then, the data were analyzed using two way ANOVA repeated measures and LSD post-hoc tests.results: Systolic BP was found to be Affected by the volume and intensity of exercise and became lower during 10 to 60 minutes after the exercises (P<0.05). However, Diastolic BP was not altered after the exercise bouts. HR was increased in 30 minutes after LL and SL, and within 60 minutes after SH and LH exercises (P<0.05). In contrast, after SH and LH, RPP was increased over a period of 50 minutes.Conclusion: The intensity and volume of resistance exercises do not influence the magnitude and duration of post-exercise HYPOTENSION. Also, HR and RPP post-exercise are not affected by the resistance exercise volume.

Learning objectives: Upon completion of this presentation, participants will be able to: 1) Recognize the MRI appearance of the spontaneous intracranial HYPOTENSION. 2) Review its various clinical and imaging presentations.Presentation summary: CSF leak is a recognized cause of intracranial HYPOTENSION. This condition may be spontaneous or secondary to spinal puncture, neurosurgical procedures (iatrogenic), dehydration, uremia and spinal trauma. The principal symptom of spontaneous CSF leaks is orthostatic or postural (positional) headache which occurs when the patient is in an upright position, and gradually disappears when the patient is lying down. In most cases, the headaches gradually increase from the moment the patient wakes up in the morning. However, in other cases the headaches are quick and severe. The acuteness of the headaches varies in each case, which affects how quickly the condition is diagnosed. Some of the other related symptoms of SIH are hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo, and stiffness of the neck, nausea, loss of consciousness, coma and vomiting. In neurological examinations cranial nerve palsies (mainly VI) may be found. In neuroimaging studies, especially on MR imaging, several nonspecific presentations such as dural enhancement, vertical displacement of the brain, subdural effusion or subdural hematomas mainly in chronic cases and an appearance like Arnold-Chiari type I malformation may be seen. Conclusion: In this presentation we will review 3 patients with spontaneous intracranial HYPOTENSION. As mentioned there are heterogeneous groups of signs and symptoms and MRI presentations in this disorder which may cause misdiagnosis with other neurological disorders. Therefore, awareness, understanding, and recognition of these presentations may permit the radiologist and neurologist to play a significant role in the prevention of unwanted surgical interventions or extensive diagnostic evaluation procedures.

Background and Aim: Spontaneous Intracranial HYPOTENSION (SIH) is a rare cause of headaches. It commonly presents with newly-developed persistent postural headaches and resolves with conservative treatment but rarely becomes a life-threatening disease. We retrospectively reviewed all cases of SIH patients treated in our institution for over ten years. Their clinical and radiological findings and the treatment given were analyzed. Their outcomes were assessed at a minimum of one year of follow-up. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of SIH patients treated in our institution over ten years. Clinicoradiological aspects, as well as the treatment given, were analyzed. The outcome was assessed at a minimum of one year of follow-up. Results: Six cases of SIH were studied. The Mean± SD age of the study population was 41. 6± 2. 87 years. Four cases (66%) were female. The most common symptom was orthostatic headache which was present in all of them. The Mean± SD duration of symptoms before the diagnosis of SIH was 3± 1. 78 months. Four cases were managed conservatively, while one patient was managed with surgery and the other with epidural patch repair. The exact site of the leak could be delineated in 2 cases (33%). Two patients who were managed invasively for Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) the leak had a subdural hematoma. All patients had a favorable outcome at one year of follow-up. Conclusion: Prompt and early identification of changes in symptom pattern and the onset of subdural hematoma are essential markers of shifting to definitive management rather than continuing conservative measures. Subdural hematoma, secondary to SIH, warrants evacuation if it causes clinical deterioration.