Background: Leukopenia is a common problem after kidney transplantation. The therapeutic approach typically includes a reduction of the immunosuppressive therapy, which is associated with an increased risk of REJECTION and allograft loss. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used as a therapeutic option to raise the leukocyte blood count; however, the effect on acute REJECTIONs is controversial. Objective: The goal of this study is to examine the incidence of acute REJECTIONs following G-CSF therapy. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with leukopenia following kidney transplantation and GCSF therapy between January 2007 and December 2017 at our center compared to controls with matched minimal leucocyte blood count in a matched pair analysis. Results: We identified 12 patients, who received G-CSF therapy with a cumulative dose of 10. 74 μ g/kg body weight over a time frame of 4. 3 days. G-CSF therapy resulted in a significantly shorter time period with leucocytes <3, 000/μ L (9. 5 vs. 16. 6 days), but also trended towards an increased risk of REJECTION within the next 30 days with three patients in the G-CSF group and no patient in the control group (p=0. 06) developing an acute biopsy-proven REJECTION. Infection and mortality rate in the subsequent year were not different between groups. Conclusion: G-CSF therapy decreases the duration of leukopenia post-kidney transplantation, but may also increase the risk of an acute REJECTION.

The aim of this study was the investigation of the relationship between mother acceptance-REJECTION and identity styles in female students of Shahid Chamran University. The sample of the study included 171 female students who were selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Adult Acceptance-REJECTION Questionnaire (Mother form) and Identity Style Inventory were used to collect the data. Canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the data. Structural coefficients showed that the pattern of low scores in mother’s acceptance and high scores in mother’s REJECTION correlated with the pattern of low scores in normative and informational identity styles. Therefore, the findings of this research indicated that the combination of mother’s acceptance and REJECTION can promote informational and normative identity styles in female university students.

Background: There are few reports in the scientific literature on the factors taken into account by editors in deciding to accept or reject a scientific paper. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different factors on the journal editors’ decisions on whether to accept or reject the manuscripts submitted to their journals.Methods: We randomly selected the participants from the authors of original articles and case reports published in six medical journals, and sent them a questionnaire by e-mail. We analyzed the scores they gave to each of the 17 items of the questionnaire.Results: One hundred and nineteen of the authors responded to our survey. The scores given by the respondents were analyzed comparing authors of developing and developed countries.Also, the results from authors of high- impact journals were compared with those with a lowimpact factor. Multidimensional scaling was used to categorize the items based on their average scores. Highest scores were given to items addressing the quality of study performance, those addressing manuscript writing, and to the role of statistical significance of the results in the probability of studies getting published.Conclusion: Authors still believe in the existence of publication bias. They estimate its role to be comparable with the role of the quality of study performance and reporting. Our study alsoproves the presence of developing country bias, from the authors’ perspective.

Background: Interleukin-28 (IL-28B) rs12979860 C/T polymorphism is a known predictor of sustained virological response after antiviral treatment in hepatitis C. IL-28B affects the innate immune system as well as intrahepatic expression level of interferon-stimulated genes.bjective: To investigate the effect of recipient IL-28B polymorphism on occurrence of acute REJECTION after liver transplantation.Methods: 140 liver allograft recipients were selected. Acute REJECTION episodes were recorded in 39 patients (AR group), the remaining had normal graft function (non-AR group).70 normal subjects were also studied as the control group. The IL-28B rs12979860 was genotyped through PCR-RFLP method.Results: No significant difference was found between AR and non-AR groups in terms of genotype and allele frequency. However, the CC genotype was significantly (p<0.001) more frequent in patients than in the control group, the C allele variants increased the risk of end-stage liver disease (OR: 2.60).Conclusion: Liver damage in association with the carriage of IL-28B C allele is associated with a higher likelihood of developing cirrhosis.

Studies have shown that patients who do not produce donor specific and / or panel reactive anti-HLA antibodies have a longer graft survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the post transplant humoral immune response towards HLA-class I antigens and the measurement of the serum creatinine levels which are used in monitoring posttransplant function of kidney. Serum samples from 132 renal transplant recipients were screened for preformed anti-HLA class I panel reactive antibodies (PRA) by means of microlymphocytotoxicity assay. The results revealed the presence of PRA in 26 (19.7%) out of 132 transplanted patients. Graft function was evaluated by measurement of serum creatinine levels which revealed the mean of 1.75 mg/dl (SD: 1.08). Because of clinical significance of presence of different PRA amounts (>10%, > 20% and >50% of panel reactivity) in patients, correlation with kidney function status was analyzed. The obtained data highlighted a higher presence of serum creatinine levels in PRA-positive patients compared to negative patients (P<0.01).These results (and further studies for class II, …) can be used to implement new therapeutic strategies to curtail post transplant alloantibodies production and better allografts survival.

Introduction: Changes in the demographic and family structure of the country have led to an increase in the number of elderly and the emergence of a new group of elderly women alone. Understanding the situation of this group of women is not very important from the perspective of an outside observer, but from their own perspective in the success of aging programs and social policy for this group. The main question of this study is how this group spends the last years of their lives and what understanding and interpretation they have of their relationships with others. Method: In this study, the phenomenological approach of Smith, Flowers and Larkin has been used to understand the lived experience of elderly women alone. Study field is the city of Boukan in the province of West Azerbaijan, and the study population is all alone women aged 60 and over. A total of 10 people were selected by purposive sampling method and studied using semi-structured indepth interviews. Findings: From the total of interviews, 12 basic concepts were extracted and abstractly categorized into 5 categories, including “ feeling of abandonment” , “ feeling of REJECTION” , “ feeling of loneliness” , “ concerns about decrepitude and overload” and “ concerns of dying alone” it was. Discussion: This study shows that although the lonely and independent life of older women is incompatible with local norms, but structural and value changes in the family have led to the marginalization and expansion of this group of women who, in addition to its issues and problems, have neighborhood supportive benefits.

Background and objectives: In recent years, analytical error rates in medical laboratories have decreased significantly. It has been demonstrated that the majority of errors occur outside of the laboratory in the pre-analytical and post-analytical phases. Our study aimed to evaluate the specimen REJECTIONs that occur for various reasons in the central clinical laboratory of a teaching hospital. Methods: The study included all specimens (emergency and routine) that were sent from different units of the hospital to the central laboratory between January and December 2019. Results: Based on the results, 3483 (0. 27%) out of 1, 307, 013 specimens were rejected. The REJECTION rate was highest for specimens from the intensive care unit (0. 69%) and lowest for specimens from the outpatient clinic (0. 18%). The specimen REJECTION rate was 0. 42% and 0. 22% for specimens from the service unit and emergency department, respectively. The REJECTION rate for specimens from the intensive care unit was significantly higher than that for specimens from the emergency department (p<0. 001), outpatient clinic (p<0. 001), and service unit (p=0. 010). Although the number of specimens from the intensive care unit was lowest, it had the highest rate of specimen REJECTION. In our study, most analysis requests were from the outpatient clinic. However, the specimen REJECTION rate was lowest in this unit. Conclusion: The results indicate that the reasons for specimen REJECTION may be influenced by the health status of the patient rather than the patient population.