‘Ali b. Abi hamza b. Bata’ini, is among the heretic (fasid al-madhhab) transmitters of hadith, with the difference, however, that he has left behind two distinguishable periods in his life time. For some time he had been on the right path and during that period he had been regarded as among the transmitters of hadith from Imam al-sadiq (A.S.) and Imam al-Kazim (A.S.), but toward the end of his life he was deviated and denied the Imamate of Imam al-Rida (A.S.). During his upright period, he had related from the two noble Imams many traditions which have found their way into our collections of hadith through reports of the compilers of hadith sources, trustworthy transmitters of hadith, and the people of consensus. Because of the denunciations made of him in biography books, our jurists and scholars have taken different stances in dealing with his related traditions. Their disagreement is rooted in that some of them regard the time of relating the traditions to be during his upright period and others believe it to be during his deviation. This has created a kind of ambivalence in acceptance or REJECTION of his traditions. According to some evidences, however, most of his traditions seem to belong to his upright period; thus, his traditions can be trusted and counted on, if they meet certain requirements, as it has been so with other famous jurists and scholars.

Background: Correlations between bone marrow, heart, kidney, liver, skin and lung transplant REJECTION or survival with human cytokine gene polymorphisms have been described. There are also reports about the role of cytokines and Tumor Necrosis Factors-Alpha (TNF-α) on corneal transplant in animal models. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of cytokines in corneal allograft REJECTION in humans. Objective: To study whether corneal allograft REJECTION is associated with TNF-α gene polymorphism. Methods: A total of 105 cases of corneal transplant were followed for a mean period of 25.9 months and the episodes of REJECTIONs recorded. We determined allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) TNF-α gene polymorphism of the patients and evaluated their association with REJECTION. Results: The overall incidence of corneal graft REJECTION and its subsequent recovery were 21% and 63.6% respectively. REJECTION was more common in the vascularized corneas (5.4 folds; P<0.001), and in eyes with anterior synechia (3.9 fold; P<0.05). There was no correlation between TNF-α gene polymorphism and the chance of allograft REJECTION. Conclusion: No association was found between human TNF-α- 308 G/A promoter gene polymorphism and corneal allograft REJECTION in our cases of uncomplicated penetrating keratoplasty.

Impulsivity is the core of many mental disorders and social problems and developmental approaches recommend that family and school factors play a role in the creation and continuation of impulsivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of parenting styles and REJECTION sensitivity in predicting impulsivity among high school students. The method of study was correlational and the sample consisted of 154 high school students of Kamyaran city selected by cluster sampling in 2015. To collect data, the questionnaires of the perceived parenting style, the REJECTION sensitivity and the impulsivity were used and the collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that impulsivity has positive correlation with authoritarian parenting styles, permissive parenting style and the REJECTION sensitivity, but it has negative correlation whit authoritative parenting style (p < 0. 001). The results also showed that parenting styles can predict the children's impulsivity.

Background and Objectives: Serum amylase increases and its excretion fraction decreases in patients with renal failure. Excretion fraction can be used as a diagnostic way in individuals with acute renal transplant REJECTION. In this study, the association between amylase excretion fraction and acute renal transplant REJECTION, was investigated in pediatrics. Methods: in this case-control study, serum and urine amylase and serum and urine creatinine, were measured in children without (30 cases) and with (30 cases) acute renal transplant REJECTION, and their amylase excretion fraction was determined. Sonography of kidney and urinary tract, was used to rule out the obstruction due to surgical manipulation. To rule out cyclosporine intoxication and urinary tract infection (differential diagnostic factors of acute renal transplant REJECTION), serum cyclosporine and urine CRP were assessed, respectively. Data analysis was performed using t-test and logistic regression test. Results: In children with acute renal transplant REJECTION, variables of urine creatinine (20. 1± 5. 5 vs 15. 9± 4. 7, p=0. 002), urine amylase (744. 9± 376. 6 vs 584. 8± 218. 3, p=0. 049), and amylase fraction excretion (238. 7± 118. 4 vs 96. 112± 2. 5, p<0. 001), were significantly higher, as compared to the group without acute renal transplant REJECTION. Based on the multiple logistic regression analysis, among the measurable variables, only amylase fraction excretion, urine amylase and urine creatinine, only amylase fraction excretion and urine creatinine could independently predict acute renal transplant REJECTION. Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed that accurate assessment of the urine creatinine and amylase fraction excretion, can predict the probability of acute renal transplant REJECTION in children.

Nowadays there are groups that commit violent actions in the name of Islam. Therefore enemies of Islam try to introduce it as an ideology of war, violence and terror to world public opinion. So study of terror in muslim grand thinkers’ Viewpoint could be a good guidance to understanding the standpoint of Islam and accountability to doubts about this question. Since Imam Khomeini was a provider of the most modern and pragmatic version of Islam in recent years, knowledge about his viewpoint of terror could be vital and helpful in understanding the standpoint of Islam of this phenomenon. This article, via Analysis of statements and thoughts, discusses Imam Khomeini’s approach to terror, and tries to offer an answer to this question: What is Imam Khomeini’s Viewpoint of terror? This study shows that terror as a means to achieving for any purpose is condemned and rejected in Imam Khomeini’s thought, and nobody has right to exploit Islamic teachings for justification of own violent and terrorist actions.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 2% in treating and preventing recurrent graft REJECTION episodes after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in patients with history of previous REJECTION episodes.Methods: In this clinical trial, eligible PKP patients were randomly given topical cyclosporine A 2% or placebo in addition to a standard corticosteroid regimen for an episode of recurrent subepithelial or endothelial graft REJECTION. Primary indications for transplantation were keratoconus, Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, corneal stromal dystrophy, and nonvascularized scars. Topical cyclosporine and placebo were continued for 6 months. The duration of corticosteroid therapy and resolution of graft REJECTION episode, the number of concurrent and subsequent REJECTION episodes and the rate of REJECTION-free survival were compared between the study groups.Results: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients (12 men) received a combination of topical cyclosporine A 2% and betamethasone 0.1% (group 1) and 21 eyes of 21 patients (10 men) received topical betamethasone 0.1% and placebo (group 2) for an episode of recurrent graft REJECTION. Mean patient age was 32.48±11.9 and 35.48±11.7 years in group 1 and 2, respectively (P=0.42). Mean follow-up period was 16.6±6.1 months in group 1 and 16.0±6.3 months in group 2 (P=0.75). The episode for which topical cyclosporine 2% or placebo was started completely resolved after 25.6±21.0 and 33.2±16.7 days in group 1 and 2, respectively (P=0.22).The REJECTION free graft survival rate was 34.8% in group 1 and 31.7% in group 2 (P=0.89).Conclusion: Adding topical cyclosporine A 2% had no further advantage over corticosteroid therapy alone to treat and prevent graft REJECTION in repeated REJECTION.

Introduction: It is known that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common problem among kidney transplant patients. This infection can be increased morbidity and decreased graft survival. This problem has been associated with acute REJECTION too.Patients and Methods: One hundred and thirty renal transplant patients were included in a prospective, case-control study. The renal transplant patients were divided into two groups; patients group with CMV infection and control group without CMV infection. Serum CMV-IgG in all patients was positive (donor and recipients). None of patients had received anti-thymocyte-globulin and thymoglobulin. CMV infection was diagnosed by quantitative CMV-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test (more than 500 copies/μg). REJECTION episode was defined by kidney isotope scan or biopsy.Results: In the group of 66 CMV infection patients (41 male [62.1%] and 25 female [37.9%]) the incidence of graft REJECTION was 36%, however in the group of 64 control patients the incidence of graft REJECTION was 9.4% (P<0.005).Conclusion: CMV infection is important predisposing factor for acute allograft REJECTION after kidney transplantation. The results of this study suggests that the control of CMV infection could decrease episodes of acute kidney REJECTION.

An effective technique for mixer LO harmonic REJECTION in a SAW-less wideband receiver front-end is proposed. The proposed technique provides a tunable notch that can be placed at any frequency like mixer LO harmonics, to avoid the aliasing in baseband after mixing. An analog LC notch is used in a cascode transconductor, and it can reject one of the 3rd or 5th harmonics. This notch frequency is tunable using the bond wire inductors or fixed Gyrator-C active inductor, and a capacitor array, without any significant Power/Area overhead on overall system. Since the accurate value of inductance is not clear, a calibration circuit is proposed to tune this LC notch. This tuning phase runs in forground, and consumes very low additional power. This technique is used in a wideband receiver front-end. Post-layout simulation in 130nm CMOS results in an average 3rd harmonic REJECTION ratio of 36 dB. The overall circuit consums 34mW power and a has a noise figure of 3. 4dB at 1GHz frequency.

This article has been written with the purpose of investigating one of the null-hypotheses for the REJECTION of and skepticism towards the party system. The party system in Iran faces a lot of theoretical and practical obstacles and difficulties the investigation of each of which as well as how they are related requires extensive studies. The present study is confined in scope only to investigate the current assumption inferred from some Quranic verses in REJECTION of party. The article showing that party is basically used in Quran in its general religious sense and borrowing from jurists' formula of free domain (Mantegh-al-faragh) concludes that party as a method in Muslims' political, social and economic organization is a free domain method.