Objective: To reduce the cost of hormones used in HEATsynch protocol in dairy cows.Design: Experimental study.Animals: 144 Holstein cows, at 50 days postpartum.Cows randomly assigned into 3 groups: (1) 40 cows; 7.5µg luliberin, IM. (2) 45 cows; 15µg luliberin, IM. Seven days later in both groups, 150µg D-cloprostenol, IM 25 hours later Img Estradiol Benzoate was injected. Cows observed for 48 hours and inseminated based on standing HEAT. Cows that did not display estrus were inseminated at 48 hours after estradiol injection. (3) Control: group in=59, did not received any treatment and were inseminated 12 hours after displaying estrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 42 after AI via rectal palpation.Statistical analysis: Days open and pregnancy rate were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and chi square tests, respectively.Results: The number of days open did not differ among experimental groups (group one: 104.17±7.76 days, group two: 106.28±6.24 days and the third group: 111.86±2.33 days (P>0.05). Pregnancy rate to the first service was not different among groups (group one: 47.5%, 19/40, group two: 48.88%, 22/45, third group: 32.20%, 19/59) (P>0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, reducing the dose of GnRH analogue (Luliberin) to half of the full dose did not affect pregnancy rate and days open. Therefore the cost of HEATsynch program can be reduced by using half dose of Luliberin.

Purpose: To determine the incidence and risk factors of late corneal graft REJECTION after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).Methods: Records of all patients who had undergone PKP from 2002 to 2004 without immunosuppressive therapy other than systemic steroids and with at least one year of follow up were reviewed. The role of possible risk factors such as demographic factors, other host factors, donor factors, indications for PKP as well as type of REJECTION was evaluated.Results: During the study period, 295 PKPs were performed on 286 patients (176 male, 110 female). Mean age at the time of keratoplasty was 38±20 (range, 40 days to 90) years and mean follow up period was 20±10 (range 12-43) months. Graft REJECTION occurred in 94 eyes (31.8%) at an average of 7.3±6 months (range, 20 days to 39 months) after PKP.The most common type of REJECTION was endothelial (20.7%). Corneal vascularization, regrafting, anterior synechiae, irritating sutures, active inflammation, additional anterior segment procedures, history of trauma, uncontrolled glaucoma, prior graft REJECTION, recurrence of herpetic infection and eccentric grafting increased the rate of REJECTION. Patient age, donor size and bilateral transplantation had no significant influence on graft REJECTION.Conclusion: Significant risk factors for corneal graft REJECTION include corneal vascularization, anterior synechiae, irritating sutures, active inflammation, regrafting, additional surgery, trauma, uncontrolled intraocular pressure, history of graft REJECTION, recurrent herpetic infection, eccentric grafting and corneal scarring. Recipient age and donor cornea size do not seem to be risk factors for corneal graft REJECTION.

Chronic antibody-mediated REJECTION among kidney transplant recipients is a major unresolved problem which is covered in this review article which included different lines of its management.

Beliefs and ideas are the result of the activity of the human mind in dealing with issues and events around it and are influenced by various factors such as environment, customs, news of the past and so on. This mental perception can be correct and effective in the path of human happiness or it can be wrong and destructive and cause the destruction of human virtues. In the field of Islamic education, one of the important issues is the fight against false human illusions. In this article, the methods of dialogue, surprise, challenge, struggle and comparison have been examined, and the results have been categorized, the most important of which are: Education mediated by the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and in verses containing a two-way comparative structure, education mediated by others has been used. The tone and type of dialect in this group of verses and their similar contexts are often critical and severely reprimanded dialects, which seem to be the misguided and disobedient audience of these verses, which are generally from the Book, polytheists, infidels and hypocrites,He has insisted on his pure ideas and ignorantly following the habits of his predecessors, so the Holy Qur'an, with a threatening tone, seeks to exert more influence and create punishment in their minds. In the structure of "Layastavi" whose audience is Muslims,The word revelation, with a supportive and encouraging approach, seeks to reject erroneous ideas and notions implicitly by establishing correct beliefs.