In this study, the thermal characteristics of an individual room in a building are measured by making use of environmental data. Subsequently, the target HEAT CAPACITY consumption by the air-conditioning system can be calculated and controlled, depending on the environmental target. By establishing the relationship between a change in the room environment (environmental evaluation index) and the HEAT CAPACITY consumption of the room (the amount of change of the enthalpy) by the air conditioning, we can calculate the target HEAT CAPACITY consumption feasible as an environmental target. Relying on an environmental target in calculating the target HEAT CAPACITY consumption enables setting suitable targets to avert the risk of HEAT exhaustion or even HEATstroke to the residents of the building. In addition, a useful room HEAT CAPACITY model is suggested that includes a management method using a HEAT CAPACITY consumption target, with an administration table for evaluating the target.

Poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) is a barrier polymer which has a wide scope in food packaging industries. A comprehensive study of the normal modes and their dispersion in PVDC using Wilson’s GF matrix method as modified by Higgs is reported. It provides a detailed interpretation of IR and Raman spectra. Characteristic feature of dispersion curves, such as regions of high density-of-states, repulsion, and character mixing of dispersion modes, are discussed. HEAT CAPACITY has been calculated in the range 50–500 K via density-of-states using Debye relation. It is in fairly good agreement with the experimental data. HEAT CAPACITY behavior of PVDC with temperature was observed nearly linear in nature. HEAT CAPACITY provides a relationship between microscopic behavior and a macroscopic property. The thermal stability of a polymeric system and its interactive nature with other properties, such as phonon-phonon coupling is also related to thermodynamic behavior. The present study provides a theoretical framework to understand experimental measurements.

Micro HEAT pipes are widely used for the thermal control of spacecraft and their electronic components. In this paper the influence of linear accelerations in micro grooves has been studied. A mathematical model for predicating the minimum meniscus radius and the maximum HEAT transport in triangular grooves under the influence of linear acceleration is presented and method for determining the theoretical minimum meniscus radius is developed. It is shown that both, the direction and the magnitude of the acceleration have a great effect upon HEAT transfer capability of micro HEAT pipes. The analysis presented here provides a mechanism where by the groove geometry can be optimized with respect to the length of the HEAT pipe and direction and magnitude of linear acceleration.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine HEAT stress effect on physical CAPACITY of semi-professional footballers in Iran by means of oxygen consumption measurement, heart rate monitoring and WBGT assessment environmental conditions.Methods: This study compared two different thermal environmental conditions related to sub-maximal exercise and its effect on human physical CAPACITY. Thirty two male footballers (age 25.9 ± 1.4 year; height 176  ± 2.9 cm and weight 71 ± 9.8 kg) were investigated under four workloads (50, 100, 150 & 200 W) in two different thermal conditions in the morning (WBGT=21oC) and afternoon (WBGT=33oC) in summer. Each test cycle lasted for 10 minutes with a 10 min interval for recovery and rest between every workload. In the end of each stage, the heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature and oral temperature were measured and recorded. Expired air was collected and its volume was measured using standard Douglas bags. The WBGT index was also used to monitor the stressful HEAT condition.Results: Heart rate and VO2 consumption findings for different workload showed a significant difference between morning and afternoon (P<0.001). HR and VO2 consumption in both morning and afternoon courses showed a liner relation (r=0.88, r=0.9 respectively).Conclusion: With increasing work load beside HEAT stress, heart rate and oxygen consumption increased. It is recommended that with Ta>35 0C or WBGT>28 0C, physical activates and performing exercises should be avoided in order to reduce the risk of HEAT stress-related conditions in athletes.

This paper presents molecular dynamics (MD) modeling for calculating the specific HEAT of nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. The Cu nanoparticles with 2-nm diameter were considered to be dispersed in water as base liquid. The MD modeling procedure presented and implemented to calculate the specific HEAT of nanofluids with volume fractions of 2 to 10%. Obtained results show that the specific HEAT CAPACITY of Cu-water nanofluids decreases gradually with increasing volume concentration of nanoparticles. The simulation results are compared with two existing applied models for prediction of the specific HEAT of the nanofluid. The obtained specific HEAT results from the MD simulation and the prediction from the thermal equilibrium model for calculating specific HEAT of nanofluids exhibit good agreement and the other simple mixing model fails to predict the specific HEAT CAPACITY of Cu-water nanofluids particularly at high volume fractions.

In recent years, there is a great attention toward the ionic liquids due to their huge potential for separation and reaction technology. Also, the HEAT CAPACITY of ionic liquids is a substantial parameter for conclusive process designs and engineering calculations. A database for the HEAT CAPACITY of ionic liquids created by compiling experimental data in the literature covering a period from 1971 to 2016 is reported. In this work, a temperature-dependent equation to the HEAT CAPACITY for 141 pure ionic liquids is proposed. A database containing 6961 experimental data was used to develop this model. Finally, a 7-parameter simple equation with the capability for predicting the HEAT CAPACITY of ionic liquids is presented. The accuracy of the new model has been compared to the most precise models in the literature and the comparison indicates that the proposed method provides more accurate results than other models considered in this work. The average absolute percentage deviation from the new model is only 3. 83%.

An optimization method has been developed to determine the optimal capacities for the CHP and boiler such that thermal and electrical energy demands can be satisfied with high cost efficiency. The proposed method offers an operational strategy in order to determine the optimum value for boiler and CHP capacities which maximize an objective function based on the net present value (NPV). The reduction in operational strategy expenses arising from the monetary cost of the credit attainable by air pollution reduction is also taken into account in evaluation of the objective function. The optimal value for boiler and CHP capacities and the resulting projection for the optimal value of the objective function are derived using a hybrid optimization method involving the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the linear programming algorithms. The viability of the proposed method is demonstrated by analyzing the decision to construct a CHP system for a typical hospital.

Thermal and rheumatic behaviors of SBR and BR are important in the curing of rubbers. In this study, thermal analysis method is used to determine the effect of carbon black (CB) loadings on the reactivity of sulphur in curing reactions, rate constants, and HEAT capacities of rubbers. The HEAT capacities of SBR and BR are modelled at different loadings of carbon black. The model is confirmed by the rheumatic studies of carbon black loadings effect on the activation energy of the curing process at different temperatures. The allylic hydrogens of BR and SBR are used to explain the rate constants and activation energies of the curing reactions. A semi empirical relation is developed for HEAT CAPACITY of SBR and BR rubbers contain carbon black.

The amount of specific HEAT CAPACITY is important for processes that require HEAT transfer in wood, as well as for design of wood structures that undergo high temperature changes during day. In this research, specific HEAT CAPACITY of thermally modified oak were measured in comparison with unmodified wood in the temperature range of-20 to 20 ° C under dry and wet conditions using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that there was no significant difference between the specific HEAT capacities of two types of wood at dry condition, and the average values were 1. 47 J. g-1K-1 at 20 ° C and 0. 84 J. g-1K-1 at-20 ° C. In contrast, the specific HEAT CAPACITY of the modified wood at-20 ° C under wet condition was greater than that of unmodified wood, and more HEAT flux was used to melt the ice. In contrast to a linear relationship between the dry specific HEAT CAPACITY and temperature in the range of 0 to 20 ° C, the relationship was nonlinear for temperatures below 0 ° C.