Background and Objective: Electricity-related occupational accidents are the fifth leading cause of occupational death. One of the major causes of occupational accidents is human error; therefore, the human role as a cause of the accident is highly important and needs to be considered in risk assessment. This study aimed to present a Fuzzy-Human error assessment and reduction technique (HERAT) technique, which can be used to estimate human error probability in the job of securing the electrical network using the experts' opinions. Materials and Methods: First, the tasks in the power distribution system were analyzed using the HTA(Hierarchical Task Analysis) method. In the next step, the general error probability of each task was determined, and then, the error-causing conditions for each task were determined. Afterward, the linguistic terms of the relevant experts on each error-producing condition were obtained, and then, these linguistic terms were quantified using the fuzzy method and the probability of total human error for each task was calculated. Finally, tasks were prioritized based on human error probability. Results: The employment of the HTA technique led to the finding that the operation of securing power grids consisted of five main tasks. The most likely human error was found to be the task of interrupting the power supply, which was revealed using the Fuzzy-HEART technique. Conclusion: The results showed that the proposed Fuzzy-HEART technique has been successfully applied in estimating the human error probability. The proposed method could identify the error-causing conditions and estimate the impact contribution to each of these conditions.

Introduction: Urban deprived area can be considered as a symbol of inequity. It can be appeared as result of wrong politics, socioeconomic structures, and inefficient urban management. Lack of practical and suitable system for equity measurement and indentifying and selecting the interventions in order to elimination of inequity has encountered Urban developing with problem, policy makers with uncertainty about the appropriate choices and stakeholders with obstacles. The aim of this study was to assess the systematic accountability to citizens in Tehran "Urban HEART" study.Methods: In this descriptive study, we used Urban HEART method in order to measure equity in Tehran.We used second data to assess systematic responsibility, active participation in municipal activities, rate of standard activities and citizens' satisfaction in the 22 regions of Tehran. We gathered data from municipals, its affiliated organizations, and research institutions. In order to assess the rate of standard processes, we conducted a survey.Results: The average value of citizens' satisfaction (57%) was laid in low middle range. Participation in improvement of municipal services was 87/1%. Reporting to citizens was 3/37 out of 10 and finally, standard processes were not fully appropriate.Conclusion: The assessment of equity in governance indicated that the total performance of the municipal in all areas of governance such as responsibility, citizen satisfaction, participation in improvement of municipal services, and standard performing (55.32%) was laid in average range.

Introduction: Human error is considered as a crucial challenge in occupational settings. Health care system is amongst occupational environments with high rate of human errors. Numerous preceding studies noted that more than 2.3 of medical errors are preventable. Accordingly, different methods are suggested to evaluate human errors, especially in nuclear industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application and accuracy of HEART technique in medical health system.Material and Method: This qualitative study was conducted in surgical intensive care units of a hospital in Shiraz city. All nurses recorded errors were categorized regarding the given tasks and then all tasks were ranked based on the number of errors. The probability of nurses’ tasks error was estimated through AHP-HEART method and the resultant ranking was compared with the recorded errors. Additionally, the prioritization of contributing factors to errors, determined by AHP and AHP-HEART methods, was compared employing Pearson statistical test.Results: Based on the results, there was a concordance in the rate of nurses’ error determined by HEART method and the recorded errors. However, no significant correlation was between errors contributing factors determined by AHP and AHP-HEART methods.Conclusion: This study suggested that although HEART technique was successful to rank the tasks considering the magnitude of error probability, but the coefficients of error producing conditions should be customized for nurses’ tasks in order to provide appropriate control measures.

Background and aims: Control room is a palpitating HEART of a system, and any error in operator’s duties has irreparable consequences. Nowadays, in many work places such as nuclear industry, military and chemical parts human error can cause catastrophic event that led many events around the world, so the purpose of this study is analyzing human error in a utility unit control room of a Petrochemical Company using HEART method. Methods: Data collection was done by direct observation methods, interview with "Bordman", senior shift, boss of Fuel vapor, related experts and analysis of previous incidents that occur. Then job analysis and human error identified respectively by HTA and TRACEr technique. Additionally, the error probability determined with HEART techniques which is a one of the tools of human reliability assessment. Results: The most important factors in incidence of human error at the control room operators were: fatigue, experience, consciousness, complexity of information, focus error and Error producing conditions were diagnosed: mental stress, High workload, focus, clear guidelines, lack of training and the task adaptation,. The most calculated likely error in the duties: reload bugs, boiler commissioning, control of production, maintenance, warning signs control.Conclusion: the results can be acknowledged that supervisor duties "Nobatkar" control room because of a high sensitivity range of error likely to have occurred and solutions must be proposed.This technique for this group should be priorited.