In this single-blind clinical trial, 68 patients with criteria of International Society of HEADACHE suffered from at least two HEADACHE attacks per month were divided into two groups who were similar in sex, age, severity and number of headahe attacks per month. Fluoxetine (20 mg per day) for experimental group and imipramine (50 mg per day), for the other group were prescribed for 12 weeks. During study, 8 patients in control group and 10 patients in fluoxetine group discontinued the trial due to adverse drug effects (P>0.05). There was no significant HEADACHE attacks between fluoxetine group [6.94±2.85HEADACHE attacks per month before treatment which changed to 3.48±3.11 attacks per month; p<0.05] and imipramine group [Z30±3.11 attacks per month to 3.08±2.84 attacks per month; p<0.05] (p>0.05). The severity of HEADACHE attacks were decreased in both groups, however, there was no difference between groups. Fluoxetine has no contraindication in pregnancy, it could be prescribed in single dose. Therefore, it is recommended as a prophylactic choice measure for migraine HEADACHE.

Background: Prevalence of post-surgery HEADACHE is different based on the type of operation, but there are no reports on prevalence of HEADACHE after cataract surgery. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the factors that influence this kind of HEADACHE.Methods: This study was performed on 770 patients undergoing cataract surgery. After collecting demographic information, patients underwent phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract surgery. The data about HEADACHE after recovery period and 24 hours after surgery, surgery type, anesthesia method and drugs consumption was also recorded. The variables were analyzed using t-test, chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.Findings: The incidence of HEADACHE in recovery period was higher among men (44.8%) (P<0.001), extracapsular technique (57.1%) (P<0.004), in general anesthesia (43.8%) (P<0.004), the use of fentanyl (46.2%) (P<0.05), in patients with a history of HEADACHE (69.5%) (P<0.001), in patients without a history of caffeine consumption (50.5%) (P<0.001), with no history of using analgesic drugs (41.4%) (P<0.001), eyepain (41.6 %) (P<0.001) and surgery in the afternoon (39.3%) (P<0.001). Similarly, 24 hours after surgery, this number was higher in extracapsular technique (39.1%) (P<0.001), the use of fentanyl (25.8%) (P<0.027), surgery lasting more than 30 minutes (40.0%) (P<0.001), in patients with a history of HEADACHE (32.0%)(P<0.001), in patients with a history of sinusitis (19.4%) (P<0.001), in patients without a history of smoking and drug abuse (18.3%) (P<0.001) and surgery in the afternoon (17.2%) (P<0.027).Conclusion: The prevalence of HEADACHE in patients undergoing cataract surgery is high and the risk factors are male, general anesthesia, use of fentanyl, extracapsular surgery, history of previous HEADACHEs, sinusitis, pain of eye after surgery and patients without a history of caffeine, cigarettes and analgesic drug use.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder in the general population. Several studies have suggested that HEADACHEs, particularly morning HEADACHEs, are more common in patients with OSAS than in normal subjects.Objective: This study investigates whether exist correlation between morning HEADACHE and polysomnographic sleep parameters.Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 150 consecutive patients with OSA who underwent sleep polysomnography. Patients were interviewed about their HEADACHE history. Insomnia and subjective sleepiness was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Polysomnographic recordings were compared in patients with and without morning HEADACHE.Findings: HEADACHE and non-HEADACHE patients did not differ in the Respiratory Disturbance Index, either in Mean nocturnal SaO2 or sleep efficiency (P>0.05). The HEADACHE patients were more likely to be female and spend a lower time in sleep. Insomnia was a common complaint in patients being evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea. No significant association emerged between the Excessive Daytime Sleepiness with HEADACHE (P>0.05).Conclusion: Thus, nocturnal hypoxia is less likely to explain the high HEADACHE prevalence among patients admitted for polysomnography.

Introduction & Objective: HEADACHE is a complication of spinal anesthesia, which also cause fear in scheduled patients. HEADACHE may have a severity which may disturb patients life. HEADACHE also can persist from days to months. Many different measures can be used for preventing that; including small size needles, delay in ambulation, hydration and so on. This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of propranolol on post spinal anesthesia HEADACHE. Materials & Methods: This is a double blind clinical trial. In this study we selected 60 patients (from ASA class I, II) who undergone operation (gynecological and urorlogical) with spinal anesthesia and had post spinal HEADACHE. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups for treatment.The first group was treated with propranolol, 20mg, twice a day and the second group was treated with acetaminophen, 325mg, twice a day. Pain severity was measured by Mankosky pain scale. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: mean of severity of pain was 6.33 versus 4.6 in propranolol group (before and after treatment) and 6.36 versus 5.56 in acetaminophen group (before and after treatment). These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Propranolol can be used for treatment of post spinal HEADACHE in patients who has no contraindication for use of this medicine.

Background and Aim: Medication overuse HEADACHE (MOH) is the second leading cause of chronic HEADACHEs. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of three medication regimens in the treatment of MOH in the patients referring to the neurology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in 2018. Material and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial. Participants in this study selected from MOH patients referring to neurology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia from Feb to Aug 2018. Our study included 60 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following 3 groups; prednisolone, celecoxib or a combination of both medications. The duration of treatment was 15 days for all the patients. At the end of the study period, the patients provided the information in regard to the severity, duration, and the number of HEADACHE days. Results: The mean duration of HEADACHE was 3. 55 ± 1. 58 months. Gender had no significant relationship with age and the duration of HEADACHE. The mean values for severity of HEADACHE were 8. 2 ± 0. 71, 2. 33 ± 0. 84 and 2. 3 ± 0. 95 at the first, second and third visits respectively. The mean values for severity of HEADACHE at first visit was higher in the patients receiving celecoxib compared to those in the other two treatment groups. At the second and third visits, the mean values for severity of HEADACHE were lower in the patients receiving combination therapy. Difference between the scores of severity of HEADACHE at the first visit was higher than those at the second and third visits in the combination group which indicated greater effect of this treatment regimen on reducing the severity of the HEADACHE compared to the other treatment groups. Conclusion: All three-treatment regimens were effective in reducing HEADACHEs, but the combination regimen was more effective. Both celecoxib and prednisolone had beneficial effects on reducing the severity of HEADACHE, but celecoxib was more effective.

The pharmacological treatment of migraine may be acute or preventive. Frequent, Severe, complicated and long lasting migraine attacks, more than 2 attacks in month require prophylaxis. Traditional preventive drugs such as b-Blockers, antidepressants, calcium blockers and anticonvulsants, despite their documented efficacy, have many side effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of enalapril in prevention of migraine HEADACHE attacks. Seventy patients aged 19 to 59, who had migraine HEADACHE attacks, two to six times in month for at least one month were studied. They were randomly divided into two groups. One group received 5mg enalapril tablet twice a day (totally 10 mg per day) and the second group received 200 mg sodium valproate tablet twice a day (totally 400 mg per day). Both groups received the drugs for eight weeks. At the end of each month all the patients were asked about the number and the duration of HEADACHE attacks, accompanying complaints, and analgesic use during the study period. In enalapril group, total number of migraine HEADACHEs reduced to 2-3 times per month after two month totally, 42.8 percent of the enalapril group experienced two attacks and 48.5 percent experienced six attacks per month. In valproate sodium group 20 percent had four attacks and 8.5 percent experienced six attacks per month. The total number of migraine attacks, analgesic use and photophobia were statistically lower in enalapril group (P<0.001). The results of this study reveal that enalapril is more effective than valproate sodium in prevention of migraine HEADACHE attacks. We suggest that the efficacy of long period prevention with enalapril (more than 2 month) deserves further investigation.

Based on previous researches and current research indoor contaminations in most of the time were more than outdoor contaminations. In according to, most of our times have been spent in indoor environments (85-90%), therefore, it is necessary to investigate indoor environments. Symptoms of sick building syndrome are HEADACHE, dizziness, drowsiness. Unknown reasons of disease above mentioned and improvement and Fixing problems have emerged in people after moving from these buildings. In this research, we investigated basic symptoms of syndrome in illnesses of sick buildings. We designed a questionnaire and asked from male of dormitory residence. Questions of the questionnaire were more about known symptoms of buildings (Shortness of breath, inflammation, swelling and burning eyes, runny nose, malaise and fatigue, drowsiness, HEADACHE). Results of research indicated that lack of ventilation system, noises, contaminated materials, cars smoke, noses of crowded streets and high humidity are that most important reasons of sick building syndrome respectively.