Background and Objectives: Fruit HARVESTING operation, one of the most important operations related to DATE palm production, is performed manually. Manual DATE palm harvest suffers from frequent occupational risk factors due to excessive need of physical work resulting in work related illness and productivity reduction. Methods: Present study was undertaken with recruiting twenty three harvest workers to evaluate and compare upper-trunk (consisting of work tasks: climbing, cutting the bunch, and descending) and bottom-trunk operations regarding physiological (heart rate and heart rate ratio) and physical (body pain) strains to identify onerous critical operations to address with simple and inexpensive interventions by future attempts. Results: Upper trunk operation posed a more physiological strain as heart rate (29. 4%) and heart rate ratio (177. 8%) higher than bottom trunk operation. Body pain was self-reported by the upper trunk workers in low back and sole, and by lower trunk workers in low back. Conclusion: The upper trunk operation was the onerous critical operation in manual DATE palm harvest, and climbing was the most critical work task in upper trunk operation. Climbing causes the highest physiological strain because workers moved in converse of gravity force, whereas descending led to lowest one because of moving in the similar direction with gravity.

Short growing season in cold regions is an important factor in not achieving a maximum root yield in sugar beet crop. In an investigation on possible ways to limit the effect of short season culture on the crop, six harvest DATEs and three sugar beet varieties were considered. The experiment was conducted as a factorial with randomized complete block design in three replications, from 1996-1998 at Ekbatan Research station in Hamedan. Planting DATEs (The beginning of May) and all cultural practices were kept identical for all treatments. Sugar beet harvest was carried out at selected DATEs, and data were collected for statistical analysis. Results of ANOV A showed that there were significant differences among sugar beet lines, with BR 1 showing the highest: root yield, sugar content and white sugar yield as companed to two other lines. Significant differences were observed for root yield, raw sugar yield, white sugar yield, sugar content, the coefficient of extraction and profit gained in different harvest DATEs. The two DATEs of Oct. 12 and Nov. 11, were superior to Sept. 23 and Oct. 2 in all parameters. The highest raw sugar and white sugar content were obtained in Nov. 11 harvest DATE as compared to others. The highest sugar yield and white sugar yield with 10.09 t/ha and 8.7 t/ha respectively belonged to the harvest of No. 11, which excepted for the No. 1, differed significantly with other harvest DATEs, coefficient of sugar extraction was increased for the late harvest and the three late harvests, were superior to the early ones regarding average profit obtained in three years and that of the year 2000. Harvest DATEs of Nov. 11, Nov 1, Nov. 21, Oct 12 and Oct. 2 were respectively 46,39,33,26 and 17% higher as compared to profit of the Sept. 23 harvest DATE.

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of HARVESTING DATE on nut characteristics of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). The treatments of experiment were four different DATEs of HARVESTING including 5th, 12th, 19th and 26th August 2008. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized design with 45 replications, with each replication containing 20 nuts harvested from different sides of a mature Persian walnut tree with more than 15 years old. Trees were selected randomly from an orchard originating from seeds. Based on the results obtained in this study there was no significant difference among different HARVESTING DATEs for length, diameter, width and shell thickness of nuts. Average nut dry weight of those nuts harvested on 5th August was significantly less than those harvested on 12th or 26th August. The percentage of harvested nuts with dehiscent husk on 26th August was significantly greater than those of other HARVESTING DATEs. 80.39% of nuts that harvested on 29th August had light kernels and significantly less than other DATEs of HARVESTING. Maximum kernel percentage and average kernel dry weight was belonged to nuts that harvested on 29th August and significantly greater than those harvested at other DATEs. It was concluded from this study that the best index for walnut HARVESTING DATE is when packing tissues color of kernel turned from white to brown and husk dehiscence is not a reliable index for HARVESTING DATE of Persian walnut.

Seedless Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is one of the endemic and valuable shrubs that grow as a garden crop only in Iran. In order to study the effect of different HARVESTING DATEs (9 September, 1 October, 22 October and 12 November) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seedless Barberry, an experiment was carried out based on Complete Randomized Block Design with 3 replications at the Southern Khorasan province in 2008.Results showed that different HARVESTING DATEs had a significant effect on fresh fruit yield with branch, fresh fruit yield without branch, branch fresh weight, dry fruit yield, 100 fresh fruit weight, 100 dry fruit weight, pH, brix, acidity and anthocyanin index. The highest and the lowest fresh and dry fruit yield were obtained at final HARVESTING DATE (12 November). Moreover, with delaying in HARVESTING DATE the brix, pH and anthocyanin index were increased but acidity was decreased. The result of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive correlation between pH and soluble solids content in extract. But correlation coefficient between pH and acidity was negative. Furthermore, correlation of anthocyanin with brix and pH was positive and its correlation with acidity was negative. Our results showed that the best HARVESTING DATE was 12 November that improved qualitative and quantitative indexes of seedless barberry for the studied region.

Background and Objectives: Nursing is one of the largest groups of health care providers that needs upDATEd information to improve quality and quantity of health care services, clinical activities, etc. In the meantime, evidence-based databases (such as Up-To-DATE Database) significantly contribute to improve performance and efficiency of health services by providing the latest findings on health issues. The present study aimed to survey the information seeking behavior and information needs of nurses working in Ahvaz hospitals affiliated with Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in using Up-To-DATE database.Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the statistical population consisted of 1246 nurses working in hospitals of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences among which 293 nurses were selected. The required data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researcher. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.71. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used for data analysis.Results: The results showed that most of the nurses needed information about new developments in the field of nursing and medications. A majority of the nurses used simple searching technique to find the required information. Most of the nurses aimed to upDATE their information using Up-To-DATE Database. The main barrier to upDATE information was shortage of time.Conclusion: Therefore, it is essential to teach information skills to nurses; so that they can access modern and upDATEd information in the field of nursing and obtain the latest information in this field from evidence-based information sources and databases.

In order to eliminate the overlapping time of rapeseed HARVESTING and rice transplantation in Guilan province, and to provide appropriate solutions to reduce yield losses through seed loss, the present experiment was conducted as a factorial plots in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht. The main plots in the present experiment consisted of the interaction of two ethephon foliar application factors at two levels (non-consuming and consuming 280 gram per hectare) and foliar application time at three levels ( podding, early grain filling, grain filling completion) and subplot including HARVESTING time in three phases, physiological maturation, 10 and 20 days after the physiological maturity. The results showed that ethephon foliar application with a mean time of 192 days reduced 8 days growth period compared to control treatment with an average time of 200 days. Also, erosion time (194. 6 days) was higher than early grain filling (196. 3 days) and seed filling completion with 197. 1 days for early maturity traits. The effect of harvest time on number of pods per plant, one-thousand grain weight, grain yield, oil percentage was significant. According to the results, ethephon foliar application caused 12 percent increase in grain yield and 0. 7 percent increase in oil in later HARVESTINGs. The interaction effect of foliar application, foliar application time and harvest time on seed yield was significant. Ethethenol soluble foliar application at the time of podding, with the lowest grain loss, was 202. 8 kilogram per hectare as the best experimental treatment.

The present study was conducted with using split plot in a factorial design with three replications for two years from 1994 to 1996.The main factor was HARVESTING DATE with five levels started from 6th of Aug continued in a 15 days intervals and subplots were pre-germination at two levels (germinated or not germinated) and cultivars at three levels (Aula, Deraga & Kaiser). Pre-germination was achieved within one month, in a controlled environment conditions of required light intensity and temperature of 15-20 °C. The analysis of multiple variance was run and results showed that pre-germination positively influenced the number of stem in plants, DATE of germination, HARVESTING and lubrication which was significant at the 1% level. DATE of harvest only affected the number of tubers per plant and this affect was significant at the 1% level. There was a significant difference amoung cultivars for recorded characteristics. Comparison between means indicated that the productivity of cv. Draga was significantly higher (32130 kg/ha) than the two others(Kaiser with 29930 kg/ha and Aula 29580 kg/ha) and this classified the former into a different class than the two later cultivars. There was a significant two way interaction between cultivarsand pre -germination, indicating that Kaiser and Aula responsed positively to pre-germination where as this was detrimental for Draga. Comparison of correlation coefficients showed that there were significant positive correlation between yield and above mentioned characteristics. In conclusion least past harvest lossen, despite a negative inconclusion, the cv. Draga with highest productively, least post-harvest Losses, despite a negative response to pre-sprouting, is recommends for Ardebil provence in Iran.

To study the effect of drought stress and HARVESTING DATE on yield and essential oil production of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), a field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan during spring of 2010. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized block design with three replications. The effects of water stress in three levels including control, drought stress at flowering and grain filling stages and two HARVESTING DATEs including harvest at hard dough and maturity stages were investigated. The results showed that the effect of drought stress on seed yield, total dry matter, number of umbrella in plant, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, essential oil percentage and essential oil yield was significant (p£0.05). Majority of the mentioned traits except essential oil percentage significantly decreased (p£0.05) under drought stress conditions but essential oil percentage increased. So the highest grain yield (622 kg/ha) and essential oil yield (20.95 kg/ha) were obtained in control treatment (full irrigation). The results also showed that the effects of harvest DATE on seed yield, 1000-seed weight, total dry matter, essential oil percentage and harvest index were was significant (p£0.01). The highest seed yield (501 kg/ha) and essential oil percentage (3.85) were obtained in hard dough and maturity stages respectively.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation deferment and different HARVESTING DATEs on tuber yield of Morene and Cosima potato cultivars after emergence of 90 percent of plants, in a split plot design during 1992-1994. Irrigation after nearly 80, 160, 240, 320 mm evaporation from A evaporation pan equal to irrigation nearly after 9, 8, 27, 36 days respectively were assigned to the main plots. Morene and Cosima cultivars were subplots and HARVESTING DATEs (end of September and end of October) were sub plots. The tuber yield data were subjected to analysis of variance in every year and combined years. The means were compared according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that irrigation after 9 to 36 days (after emergence of more than 90 percent of plants) had no significant effect on reduction of tuber yield. There was no significant difference between Cosima and Morene cultivars in tuber yield. However, tubers skins in the second HARVESTING DATE was tougher than the first HARVESTING DATE. One way and two ways interaction effects were not significant in every year and combined years. The tubers that obtained from the last year of experiment were sorted and data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared in the same way. According to the results the number of seedy tubers in the wettest treatment was more than that in the other irrigation treatments. Cosima had more seedy tubers than Morene.

In order to study the influence of nitrogen and different HARVESTING DATEs on sorghum yield, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications in 2010 at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch. Factors were: different HARVESTING DATEs in three levels containing, beginning of flowering, two and four weeks after beginning of flowering and nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (zero, 60, 120 and 180 kg N.ha-1). The results showed that maximum of forage yield was obtained by the plots which were applied 180 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering and the least of it was in no application of nitrogen fertilizer in beginning of flowering. Means comparison showed that the highest nitrogen use efficiency was obtained by the plots which was applied 60 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering and the least of it was in application of 180 kg N.ha-1´beginninig of flowering. Maximum of stem and leaf protein was obtained in the highest of nitrogen fertilizer rates. It seems that in order to increasing of forage yield, should be applied 180 kg N.ha-1´four weeks after beginning flowering in climate conditions of Ardabil. If the aim is to improve nitrogen use efficiency, then applying 60 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering can be suggested.