Introduction and Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common in western countries. GERD is increasing, has profound effects on health economics, disturbs the patient's health-related quality of life, and increases the risk for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. GERD is considered to be infrequent in developing countries. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of GERD among Iranians.Materials and Methods: Major GERD symptoms (heartburn and acid regurgitation) were assessed through an interview by trained general practitioners in three different Iranian populations in 2002: Tehran University freshmen (n=3008), healthy blood donors in Tehran (n=3517), and participants in Golestan cohort study on esophageal carcinoma in Gonbad, north-east of Iran (n=1066). Presence of heartburn or acid regurgitation was considered as GERD and their frequencies were calculated during the last 12 months prior to recruitment.Results: Three episodes per week or more of GERD symptoms were recorded in 2.1% of university freshmen (mean age 19.1±2.1 years), 4.7% of blood donors (mean age 37.3±10.8 years), and 18.4% of the cohort study participants (mean age 51.3 ± 11.7 years). One to two episodes of GERD symptoms a week were reported in 5.1% of the university freshmen, 5.6% of blood donors and 12.7% of the cohort study participants.Conclusions: GERD symptoms are frequent among Iranians. There was also a trend toward increasing frequency of GERD with increasing age. A GERD symptom is more prevalent in Iran than other Asian countries and is comparable to that of western countries.

Background: Scintigraphy remains the gold standard to study gastric emptying. We used this method to demonstrate the impact of delayed gastric emptying on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Materials and methods: For this case-control study, Scintigraphy was performed on 16 patients with documented GERD and 16 asymptomatic normal volunteers. The test meal was composed of two labeled fried eggs with two slices of bread, and 150 ml of unlabeled water. Images were obtained in anterior and posterior projections in 30-minute intervals for a total period of two hours. Gastric emptying curves T1/2 (the estimated time required for the stomach to empty one-half of its original meal (and RA120 (gastric retention activity at 120 minute) were used for gastric emptying evaluation. Results - Seven (43.75%) of patients had deviation in their gastric emptying curves compared to normal limits. Mean T1/2 and RA120 of the patient group were 95.8±54.0 minutes and 33.0 ± 15.9 percent compared to 64.9±14.5 minute and 20.3 ±8.4 percent of asymptomatic control group respectively ,demonstrating a significant different (p<0.04 for T1/2 and p<0.01 for RA120). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between delayed gastric emptying and GERD, particularly related to distal gastric function.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal complaint in the adult population worldwide; nevertheless, few studies have assessed this disorder among medical students. The stress, lifestyle, and burdensome educational curriculum exposes this particular population to GERD. To the best of our knowledge, there was no information about the frequency of GERD in Iranian medical students. We aimed to assess the prevalence of GERD as well as its risk factors among the medical students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the symptoms of GERD were investigated among 290 medical students using the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (FSSG) at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2018-2019. Additional information, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and studying grade, were entered in the checklist. Results: Among the studied population, 104 (36. 55%) students had GERD. Heartburn was associated with studying grade (p =0. 022) and BMI (p < 0. 001). Esophageal regurgitation was related to BMI only (p < 0. 001). The logistic regression evaluations revealed overweight (p < 0. 001; OR: 14. 49; 95%CI: 7. 29-28. 81), obesity (p < 0. 001; OR: 14. 16; 95%CI: 4. 38-45. 74), studying the physiopathology course (p < 0. 001; OR: 5. 05; 95%CI: 2. 07-12. 30) and being in the stagership period (p = 0. 007; OR: 3. 50; 95%CI: 1. 41-8. 64) were independent predictors of heartburn, while overweight (p < 0. 001; OR: 8. 33; 95%CI: 4. 26-16. 28), obesity (p < 0. 001; OR: 54. 87; 95%CI: 11. 31266. 10) and being in the stagership period (p = 0. 024; OR: 2. 89; 95%CI: 0. 87-6. 22) were the predictors for esophageal regurgitation. Conclusion: Based on this study, GERD was prevalent among the medical students, and factors, including BMI and studying grade, were predictors of its incidence.

Backgrounds and Objectives: The Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) introduced as a major predisposing factor of laryngeal and extra laryngeal disorders .This study designed to evaluate the correlation between the GERD and otolaryngology problems.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross -sectional study contained 40 pediatrics with GERD diagnosis. GERD was diagnosed based on the symptoms, radiological, endoscopic findings, and specific GERD questioner (GERDQ). First, all of otolaryngology complications evaluated and the findings were recorded by questionnaire, then medical treatments were started and after one and six months of follow up all of clinical finding were recorded. Results: The family history was negative in 85% of cases. Cough was the most common complain (57.5%). One month after treatment ten percent of gastrointestinal and 35% of ENT symptoms recovered. 6 months after the treatment 64.86% of both gastrointestinal and ENT symptoms were fully recovered. Conclusions: Our study revealed that Gastroesophageal reflux disease should be suspected and treated in all children with prolonged and unresponsive otolaryngologic disease.