Cold dark matter hierarchical clustering (CDMHC) cosmology based on the Jeans (1902) criterion for GRAVITATIONAL instability gives predictions about the early universe contrary to fluid mechanics and observations. Jeans neglected viscosity, diffusivity, and turbulence: factors that determine GRAVITATIONAL STRUCTURE FORMATION and contradict small STRUCTUREs (CDM halos) forming from non-baryonic dark matter particle candidates. From hydro-GRAVITATIONAL-dynamics (HGD) cosmology, viscous-GRAVITATIONAL fragmentation produced supercluster (1046kg), cluster, and galaxy (1042kg) mass clouds in the primordial plasma with the large fossil density (r0=3×10-17 kg m-3) of the first fragmentation at 1012 s, and a linear and spiral clump morphology reflecting stretching-compression rates near vortex lines of the plasma turbulence at the 1013 s plasma-gas transition. Gas proto-galaxies fragmented into proto-globular-star-cluster mass (1036 kg) clumps of proto-planet clouds, presently frozen as earth-mass (1024-25 kg) Jovian planets of the baryonic dark matter, about 30.000.000 rogue plants per star. All stars from these planets. They appear in planetary nebulae and are misinterpreted as dark energy. Observations contradict the CDMHCC prediction of large explosive population III first stars at 1016 s, but support the gentle FORMATION of small population II first stars at 1013 s in globule star-clusters from HGD.

This paper investigates the kinetics of STRUCTURE H (sH) FORMATION kinetics above and below the STRUCTURE I (sI) FORMATION equilibrium curve at temperatures of between 2oC and 6oC. Methane was used as a help gas and methylcyclohexane (MCH) was used as sH former. It was concluded that in the points above the sI FORMATION equilibrium curve, at the first, the sI forms, and then converts to sH because of the low solubility of MCH in water. In the points under the sI equilibrium curve, at the first sH forms after a long induction time. The study also show the effect of the addition of hydroxymethylcellulose (in three concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 Wt%) on sH hydrate FORMATION kinetics. With this additive, it was observed that the rate of sH FORMATION increases.

Background and Objective: Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative cocobacilli bacterium and etiologic agent of whooping cough that in recent years, the number of its cases is on the rise. The ability of biofilm production helps this bacterium in interference with host immune system, severity of illness and antibiotic sensitivity. Thus, due to the importance of this factor, in this investigation, we tested the ability of Bordetella pertussis isolates in biofilm FORMATION.Materials and Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from persons who suspected whooping cough from throughout of Iran from 2014 to 2016 and were transferred to pertussis reference laboratory in Pasteur Institute of Iran. The bacterium in question was isolated by culture so that finally we had 20 positive samples. At the end, we performed in vitro biofilm FORMATION test for isolated strains.Results: All of the 20 clinical samples of Bordetella pertussis which in this study were examined could form biofilm and their final OD became between 0.606 and 1.212, the power of the biofilm made by them was intermediate. Conclusion: Findings of this study was similar to researches conducted by other researchers, which showed the ability of the strains of Bordetella pertussis to form biofilm and to create adverse effects on the host for example antibiotic resistance, illness severity, and so on. Thus, considering the importance of this issue, more and broader researches are needed in this area.

GRAVITATIONAL multipole moments of the Sun are still poorly known. Theoretically, the difficulty is mainly due to the differential rotation for which the velocity rate varies both on the surface and with the depth. From an observational point of view, the multipole moments cannot be directly measured. However, recent progresses have been made proving the existence of a strong radial differential rotation in a thin layer near the solar surface (the leptocline). Applying the theory of rotating stars, we will first compute values of J2 and J4 taking into account the radial gradient of rotation, then we will compare these values with the existing ones, giving a more complete review. We will explain some astrophysical outcomes, mainly on the relativistic Post Newtonian parameters. Finally we will conclude by indicating how space experiments (balloon SDS flights, Golf NG, Beppi-Colombo, Gaia...) will be essential to unambiguously determine these parameters.

In this paper, the spacecraft FORMATION flying using virtual STRUCTURE algorithm is studied. In spacecraft FORMATION flying, several small spacecraft have been used instead of employing single one to achieve the same goal. In virtual STRUCTURE method, the position and orientation of each spacecraft is measured with respect to position and attitude of virtual node in every moment. Two robust control methods are proposed to control FORMATION. At first, the robust m synthesis control method is used to attenuate the influence of the sensor noises, environment disturbances and parametric uncertainties but it is done with heavy computations. The second method is in the standard form of optimization problem. It is composed of state feedback controller and Lyapanov stability theory. The Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) controller computations are very efficient and the controller is robust against parametric uncertainties and most of the disturbances. The implementation of control methods on virtual node guarantees robust stability and performance. Concerning actuator constraints, simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes to track the desired attitude and position trajectories despite system uncertainties.

Relative motion of satellites in a FORMATION can be studied in several forms of dynamics models. In this paper, some of the most applicable models each implying particular assumptions, constraints and specifications are described in Cartesian and orbital element spaces. Despite the significant applications of models based on linear equations of motion in modeling orbital rendezvous and ducking maneuvers, it is shown that the modeling errors of these simplified models limits their application in long term missions such as FORMATION flying. Nonlinear equations of relative motion are derived in addition to6 other dynamical models to simulate a low earth two satellite FORMATION with projected circular relative orbit. Models are evaluated under the effects of non-spherical earth perturbation, relative distance between the satellites, and the eccentricity of the chief orbit. Analyzing the results of simulations emphasizes the importance of accuracy of the system.

Todays, various heuristic optimization methods have been developed. Many of these algorithms are inspired from physical processes or swarm behaviors in nature. GRAVITATIONAL Search Algorithm (GSA) is an optimization algorithm based on the law of gravity and mass interactions. In the proposed algorithm, the search agents are a collection of masses. In this paper, mentioned algorithm is used to solve of the Frequency Assignment Problem (FAP). For ability test of the algorithm, CALMA benchmarks are used and results are good.