IntroductionSince the declaration of the rights of the memory of the Earth was announced in Digne-les-Bains in 1991 in France, numerous advances have been made to recognize the value of geological heritage and geoconservation (Fassoulas et al. 2012). Many researchers (e.g. Burek and Prosser 2008; Gray 2004; Zwoli_nski and Stachowiak 2012) and global organisations (e.g. UNESCO 2010) have initiated many studies and projects to show the richness of geological heritage at different levels. Geological heritage can provide a source of sustainable economic benefit to local communities (McKeever and Zouros 2005). The promotion of geological and geomorphological heritage is growing in importance for cultural tourism, landscape valorisation and educational initiatives as thematic paths and itineraries. The importance of studying geotourism in Nian village stems from the fact that in addition to natural resources, it also includes historical and cultural capitals, and since geotourism and GEOMORPHOSITEs are closely related to cultural heritage, so the study it has made this area more important. In this research, we have adopted a new method that depends on the scientific values and added values that have been used in many studies. The objectives of this study are: (a) to prepare a list and evaluation of GEOMORPHOSITEs for the development of geotourism in the Nian region, (b) to increase diversity in the offer of sustainable regional and national tourism, (c) to obtain a list of GEOMORPHOSITEs to support conservation and (d) provide a scientific document for land heritage management in the study area. MethodologyIn this research, multiple data have been used. This research has led to the identification, classification and evaluation of GEOMORPHOSITEs in Nian village based on the knowledge and criteria improved in previous studies. The process of identifying GEOMORPHOSITEs was divided into three main stages. Geomorphological forms and processes, geomorphological units and geological environment of the study area were identified based on available documents, maps and fieldwork. The process of identifying GEOMORPHOSITEs was divided into three main stages. Geomorphological forms and processes, geomorphological units and geological environment of the study area were identified based on available documents, maps and fieldwork. The identified sites were first classified into separate landforms or small groups of landforms. Geomorphological and geological components that can be identified as potential GEOMORPHOSITEs were then identified. Then the characteristics and values of GEOMORPHOSITEs (scientific, educational, aesthetic, cultural, historical, religious, tourism) were identified. The selection of GEOMORPHOSITEs was based on two conditions proposed by Grangrad (1997).  Site documentation consists of two main components: general data collected and descriptive data.  General data were expressed numerically using GEOMORPHOSITE identification code (such as position, height and size Identification code shows the location of the GEOMORPHOSITE on a sinthetic map. The numerical assessment of the intrinsic value of each GEOMORPHOSITE was made according to consistent criteria. The estimation of the scientific value of the GEOMORPHOSITEs was then based on the three criteria integrity, representativeness and rarity. This stage of assessment was ultimately devoted to identifying additional values that were intended to improve and to diversify the tourist offer for GEOMORPHOSITEs. These additional values were thematically grouped according to ecological, aesthetic, cultural or economic criteria. In the determination of use and management characteristics, the current protection status of sites with regard to various human or natural threats, attacks and site preservation issues were described. ResultsIn total, 51 geological and geomorphological sites and landforms that could be considered as potential GEOMORPHOSITEs were identified, of which 12 were selected based on the above criteria and considered as GEOMORPHOSITEs. These sites were separate landforms (Kerfin Wetland, Qilan Gully) or geomorphological systems (Anareg Karst Mountains, valleys and Nian close). The results of GEOMORPHOSITE identification of Nian village revealed the existence of 12 GEOMORPHOSITEs that are representative of the folded Zagros geodiversity. Therefore, these sites were selected for further evaluation. The results show that GEOMORPHOSITEs are grouped into four groups. Group 1 The most notable and most visited GEOMORPHOSITEs with high scientific value and medium value added: Sarab Nian, Warkawr rock, Nian close, Group 2 with high scientific value and low added value: Qarzhileg close, Mehrnegar Castle, Golkhirak Castle and shekarao spring, Group 3 with medium scientific value and low added value: Kalay mountain, Qilan gully, Toeroileh close and group 4 with low scientific value and low added value: Badlands of Qilan and Karfin Wetland. DiscussionVisiting conditions are good in Sarab Nian, Kalay Mountain, Warkowr rock, Badlans of Qilan and Karfin wetland GEOMORPHOSITEs, and they benefit from having or near asphalt roads. The quality of tourism infrastructure seems to be poor to some extent moderate .The educational value of the geological and geomorphological heritage of the region is moderate to high in terms of the history of the folded Zagros and river and karst processes. However, the educational value of these GEOMORPHOSITEs is very low, as there are no educational panels in any of the GEOMORPHOSITEs. ConclusionThis study is the first study related to the GEOMORPHOSITEs of Nian village in the southwest of Kermanshah province and the folded Zagros zone. The evaluation results showed that GEOMORPHOSITEs fall into three categories of intrinsic value, high and medium use and management. SWOT analysis allows us to identify areas for the development of geotourism in the region and suggests specific activities for the use of geotourist resources in a sustainable manner. Accordingly, specific strategies for the development of geotourism can be proposed: The geographical diversity of the nationally assessed areas is not unique (except in a few cases), but their educational value is high. Access conditions are poor. Tourism facilities are poor or below average. This issue needs further investigation in connection with the need to develop the adjacent tourism infrastructure (especially in the city of Gilan-e-Gharb). If it is decided to support the development of geotourism activities, close communication with local communities is necessary to develop effective management of geotourism resources. Collaboration with research institutes is important because academic research paves the way for further activities to support the promotion of land heritage.

The present research has been written to assess the capabilities and zoning of the geo-tourism capabilities of Tarom. The research method in the current research is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with a practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature; in order to analyze the information, Comanescu’s capability measurement method, Fuzzy Network Analysis Model (ANP-FUZZY), and also GIS software. The research results showed that the geo-sites of Tarom County have high geo-tourism values. Meanwhile, the geo-site of the Valider Sheit River has the highest value, the geo-site of the Ghezel Ozan River ranks second, and the Nokian River ranks third. Also, the investigation of the geo-tourism criteria of Tarom shows that 46.49% of the studied area is suitable for the development of geo-tourism. On the other hand, the geo-sites with high value in the Comanescu Model are consistent with the potential geo-tourism zones resulting from zoning in the county and have an acceptable level.IntroductionGeo-tourism is a sustainable method of tourism that promotes environmental and cultural understanding and conservation of landscapes through the experience of various geological and geomorphological features of this geosphere, and its development can strengthen economic viability, community improvement, and geographic protection of landscape features. In general, geo-tourism can be created in a natural landscape where people are free to enjoy the spectacular views of the geosphere. Also, the attraction point of each landscape for the initial scope of geo-tourism depends on four types of tourism values: scientific, aesthetic, cultural, and economic. In the meantime, geo-morpho-sites are intrinsic and essential geological and geomorphological features of the earth's surface, which have significant scientific, aesthetic, and economic importance and have been discovered by human society. Also, different landscapes of the geosphere have witnessed the development of geo-tourism based on geo-morpho-sites. In a holistic approach toward the development of sustainable tourism, geo-morpho-sites are an essential basis for the development of geo-tourism.On the other hand, geo-tourism plays a significant role in the protection of geo-morpho-sites. In the meantime, from the geo-cultural point of view, geo-tourism is considered a new way to develop less developed societies due to its economic efficiency. Therefore, in the approach of sustainable development of tourism, geo-tourism plays an essential role, and the development of geo-tourism on geo-morpho-sites can be done in the best way after evaluating geo-morpho-sites in a tourist environment. Considering the importance of geo-tourism as one of the essential species in achieving sustainable tourism, the purpose of this research is to evaluate and zoning the geo-tourism capabilities of Tarom County.Research Question(s)At what level are the geo-morpho-sites of Tarom County in terms of management and use, economic, cultural, aesthetic, and scientific values?In terms of the desirability of geo-tourist capacity criteria, what is the state of Tarom County? Literature ReviewThe concept and approach of geo-tourism developed in the late 1980s after the recognition of geologists' schools, universities, and museums in the UK (Hose, 1995; Hose et al., 2011). The term "geo-tourism" was first coined in 1995 by Thomas A. Hughes, a professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol in England (Antic & Tomic, 2017; Grover & Mahanta, 2018). According to Thomas A. Hose (2005), geo-tourism is: "Ensuring the value and social preservation of geological and geomorphological sites and their resources and providing interpretive facilities and services for the use of students, tourists, and other casual recreationists." This definition clearly shows that the main focus of geo-tourism is interpretation, promotion, and conservation, which are all essential elements for the development of geo-tourism. Newsome and Dowling (2010) have stated that geo-tourism is an arrangement of tourism in natural areas that focuses specifically on landscape and geology and their interpretation, promotion, and protection with the help of education (Jonic, 2018).MethodologyThe research method in the current research is mixed (quantitative-qualitative), with a practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. In this regard, first, the geo-sites of Tarom County were identified using interviews and field observations. In the second stage, the values of geo-sites were evaluated using the Comanescu capability measurement method. Finally, the geo-tourism capabilities of this county were evaluated using the Fuzzy Network Analysis Model (FUZZY-ANP) and questioning managers and officials, as well as benefiting from They were zoned based on criteria such as height, slope, land use, distance from communication road, distance from county or village, distance from geo-site, distance from river, distance from cultural sites. The statistical population of the research included the managers and officials of Tarom County, and 15 people were determined as the sample size by using a non-random sampling method.ResultsThe research results showed that the geo-sites of Tarom County have high geo-tourism values. Meanwhile, the geo-site of the Valider-Shit River has the highest value, the geo-site of the Ghezel Ozan River ranks second, and the Nowkian River ranks third. Also, the investigation of the geo-tourism criteria of Tarom shows that 46.49% of the studied area is suitable for the development of geo-tourism. On the other hand, the geo-sites with high value in the Comanescu model are consistent with the potential geo-tourism zones resulting from zoning in Tarom County and have an acceptable level. In general, the results of this research can be used as a document in planning and environmental management for the sustainable development of tourism in the studied area by officials and planners.

As a new discipline, geotourism is a part of the nature-based tourism that relies on natural resources and geology. Geosites and GEOMORPHOSITEs are considered as infrastructure of geodiversity by the geomorphological and geological tourists. Geotourism has formed recently and elapsed its early stages of development. Iran is a country with a wide range of phenomena. Hence, to find the potentials for regional geotourism or capability of the geoparks, many researchers have been sought to assess the areas (of) geosites and GEOMORPHOSITEs in Iran, and in the world as well. The purpose of this study is to review some assessment methods of geosites and GEOMORPHOSITEs by 2015 and to extract their strengths and weaknesses in order to express a comprehensive method for assessing geomorphotourism areas. Analytical documents and adaptive methods are used in this research. Results of the study show that the Comanescu method is the perfect way to assess GEOMORPHOSITEs now. Moreover, the evaluation has been weak GEOMORPHOSITEs service role. Pralong, Lucie Kubalíková, Brilha and Charalampos Fassoulas methods are important in the next stage. However, in parts of the evaluation, they do not show all the potentials of a GEOMORPHOSITE. Most of the methods in Iran are not in a comprehensive way to assess GEOMORPHOSITEs. Consequently, the present article has tried to propose a new method in order to maintain the strengths of the methods and reduce their weaknesses.

Geotrail or geological trails are the best hiking trails or rides to access geoheritage and geomorphologic sites for tourism. geosites usually are dispersed and those located in the hilly mountainous, forest or rocky shores, it is not possible to easily access them. In contrast, geosites located in low and low slopes, visited and reviewed widely for reasons such as scientific research activities. In order to introduce a geopark, in addition to evaluating geosites, should be evaluated geotrails. The proposed geopark of the West of Khorasan Razavi is one of the areas that can be introduced as the national geopark or internationally. For this purpose, documents and maps and data are required to be collected then it has been paid to prepare maps and numerical analyzes using software such as GIS, Envi and google earth. Considering the effect of communication roads in tourism development, the parameter is the distance from the road to study the performance of the region's communication roads in the development of proposed geopark tourism and their digital layers are drawn. At geopark there are 2984 kilometers of proposed geopark that the share of each square kilometer is 701 meters. 42. 9% of proposed geopark roads are grade 1 and 2 asphalt. Three paths with 80 km long are drawn up for motorcycling and two trails with 25 km long, for georafting. In geopark, three trails are proposed and mapped for 122km long riding camel in desert areas and 80 km long geobike along the Haram-to-Haram transit road.

What about friendly societies today is tourism, especially foreign tourists , Historic buildings and unique architecture that is used A vast amount of tourists every year from all over the world in countries with a genuine identity of ancient and historical monuments are set. Therefore, due to the long history of Iran and Iranian identity is regarded by many of the world's tourist hotspot and the historic city of Tabriz, with many monuments is no exception to this rule. Geo tourism the new approach in maintaining historical heritage, natural and ecological knew with increasing public interest towards environmental protection phenomena, advances underlie the development of these areas will provide a Geo tourism of attachment of indigenous people to their environment more, the small local economies and enable new ideas to put forward local visitors This article compares the two techniques in geomorphology Pralvng and Pereira, tourism potential of historic buildings has been evaluated in Tabriz. The results showed that both methods on various dimensions of empowerment it will measure of historic buildings. Pereira-scale geomorphological and management methods, and the method has been evaluated Pralvng-scale Tourism and productivity. The field study based on both methods, the three sites: Tabriz Historic Bazaar architecture, And Meidan Saet and the Blue Mosque Tabriz Historic Bazaar highest score and Meidan Saet lowest score received. Accordingly both comprehensive approach towards tourism development programs offered.

In this research, the GEOMORPHOSITEs of the protected area of Manhest, Bangkok and Qelarang were studied using the Perira method. In this method, the geomorphologic value of GEOMORPHOSITEs was identified using scientific and additional values. Management value was derived from two values of Protection value and Use value and from the sum of the two values of geomorphology and management, the final value of each geomorphsites was obtained. For this reason, the principal indicator ‘ geomorphological value’ includes the secondary indicators ‘ scientific value’ and ‘ additional values’ . ‘ Management value’ , as second principal indicator, integrates the secondary indicators ‘ use value’ and ‘ protection value’ . The sum of all indicators determines the total value of the GEOMORPHOSITE. The results of this research show that the Arghavan Geomorphsite ranked 1 in the TV index, but in the final ranking or index (RK) ranked 6. The highest score in the Geomorphological section (8. 04) was attributed to the Mannesht and Qalarag and the highest weighting in the management section with a score of 4. 0 was attributed to the Arghavan GEOMORPHOSITE. In the ranking table derived from the calculation of the indexes (main and sub) with the title of ranking (RK), Abdallan GEOMORPHOSITE with the total value of 35 was the highest value among the six selected GEOMORPHOSITEs in the studied area.

To find the geotourism potential of a region or to measure the tourist potential of geoparks, researchers in Iran and the world have always sought to evaluate the geosites and GEOMORPHOSITEs of regions. The purpose of this study is to compare the models of Brilha, Comanescu, and Fassoulas, with Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s native model. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of each of the international models with the Iranian model. The study area with an area of 4257 square kilometers is located in the west of Khorasan Razavi, which can include parts of Sabzevar and Davarzan cities. This research has dealt with the subject with an analytical-comparative method. The data were collected using documentary and field methods and analyzed using GIS, SPSS, and Excel graphic and statistical software. The results of the research show that GEOMORPHOSITEs that are water erosion subsets have the highest scores in all models, and in contrast, wind erosion GEOMORPHOSITEs have the lowest scores. From the comparison of the models, it can be concluded that Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s model is the most consistent with Brilha’s model. The Brillha model can be used to evaluate the ophiolite and desert regions. The native model of Shayan Yeganeh is designed for the dry and semi-arid deserts and mountainous regions, and it seems that it is necessary to give a few changes and modifications for coastal and glacial areas. Regarding the innovation of the study, it investigates the latest Iranian model for evaluating GEOMORPHOSITEs and geosites and examines its strengths and weaknesses. Keywords: Evaluation, GEOMORPHOSITE, Geotourism, Geopark, Geoconservation, Khorasan Razavi.

Dave Mace is one of the proposed Geopark GEOMORPHOSITEs located in the West of Khorasan Razavi which has attracted the attention of geomorphologists and earth tourists due to its scarcity, surprisingness, and display of geological processes. The purpose of this study is to quantify and geometric mace, to express how the genesis, deterioration and the importance of the geomorphological form. The research method is based on library and field studies. In this research, authentic sources of literature and geological and topographic maps were used to validate the geology and topography for literature and to delve into the location and from instruments such as the meter, inclinometer and compass and Scale Weights for morphometry, as well as dendrogeomorphology tools for measuring time. The results show that the altitudes of geopark, where there conglomerate formations, has the potential to form mace. Mace columns are not great heights and the age of some of them, according to the estimates of the rate of removal of sediments dates back to more than 20 thousand years ago. The leeches on the caps of some maces are more than 1000 years old. The slope of some maces is higher than 40 degrees. With the removal and erosion of the upper part, the pillar of the mace approaches its decay. Finally, one of the uses of some maces, in addition to its stunning beauty, is in geotechnics; that is, at least 10, 000 years ago there was no earthquake above 5 Richter.

The purpose of this article is to compare the karst GEOMORPHOSITEs of Kermanshah province based on the two key indicators of core values and complementary values using Vojisic 2011 Geosite Evaluation Model (GAM) and Tamik Modified Model (M-GAM) and Bozic 2014. The research type is applied and has been done by descriptive-analytical method (with field survey technique). The study area includes 6 geosites of Kermanshah province (Rijab waterfall, Bistoon mirage, Taghbestan mirage, Gilat-e-Gharb mirage, Sahneh mirage and Ghori Qaleh cave) which have rich environmental foundations for the development of geotourism. The results showed that the GEOMORPHOSITEs have appropriate scientific / educational and aesthetic value, but in terms of tourism values, the GEOMORPHOSITEs of the study area are not in a favorable condition. The Taghbestan mirage is in a good condition in terms of core values and complementary values. Also, the GEOMORPHOSITEs of Sarab Biston and Quri Qaleh cave are in a relatively good condition from this point of view, while in general, most GEOMORPHOSITEs of the study area has a higher core value and a lower complementary value. In other words, these GEOMORPHOSITEs can only be considered as potential tourist attractions in terms of scientific / educational, aesthetic values and need to promote sustainable tourism. Overall, the evaluation results of the models show a completely vague and deceptive picture of the current situation. The findings indicate that the inclusion of tourists in the modified model of GEOMORPHOSITEs gives a more realistic and clear picture that can be useful in improving and planning the tourism activities of the province's geosites.