In order to improve the quantity and quality of raisins made from Sultani seedless grapes using plant growth regulators, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in a commercial vineyard near Bonab city (West Azarbaijan Province, Iran). For this purpose, spraying was carried out at fruit set stage using a combination of CPPU and GA3. Then the produced fruits were turned to raisin using alkaline solutions (Tizabi method) and all assessments in this study were performed on these raisins. It was found that the growth regulator treatments significantly increased the diameter, mass, volume, surface area and wrinkling of raisin, however, these treatments did not affect dry matter and moisture content of the raisins. Significant color changes were observed in all treated raisins and color values of the treated raisins were significantly lower than the control. The interacting effect of the two plant growth regulators was found to be significant for raisins length and total soluble solids, i.e. application of 7.5 mg L-1 of CPPU and 20 mg L-1 GA3 led to the smallest value for the total soluble solids. All treatments increased the raisins length. It could be concluded that application of CPPU and GA3 on grapes results in improvement of the quality of the raisins.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L. ) is an important winter leafy vegetable with high nutritional values. Its seeds are used as spices and the whole plant is used in many home remedies and medicines throughout the world. Its foliage and seed productivity is much low in the region. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and vitamin (riboflavin) are exogenously applied chemicals for enhancement of plant productivity. For this purpose, 50 mmol L -1 treatments of indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, and riboflavin were applied on fenugreek variety Kasuri Methi. Results showed that GA3 and indole-3-acetic acid significantly enhanced the root and shoot development, foliage growth and ions concentrations in shoot and root, and peroxidase dismutase (POD) and catalases (CAT) activities at seedling and vegetative stages. PGRs also increased the pod and seed yield of fenugreek. Riboflavin did not show any significant effect on fenugreek except that it increased the antioxidant activities at seedling stage. GA3 was more effective as compared with IAA for the enhancement of biomass production, yield, and biochemical attributes of fenugreek. It was determined that indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid can be used to enhance the foliage biomass production and yield but GA3 is superior over IAA in fenugreek. These outcomes can be useful for economic benefits with high production of this leafy vegetable. -1

Tuberose is one of the most important floral crops in Iran. Long spikes of fragrant flowers make it excellent for cut flower. Due to the beauty and sweet fragrance of flowers, it used in all seasons for flower arrangements. Production of high quality flowers and vase life extension is important for competition in world markets. For this reason this research was conducted on Polianthes tuberosa var Double base on factorial experiment in RCB (randomized complete block design) with three replications. Both gibberellin acid (GA3) and benzyl adenine (BA) were sprayed on bulbs and foliage of plants at four concentration levels. Results showed that gibberellin acid and benzyl adenine treatments had significant differences in all of the measured indices at one percent level. Gibberellin acid increased stem and rachis length in some concentrations and also accelerated flower stalk emerge.Benzyl adenine increased stem diameter, floret numbers and vase life and preceded flowering. Both of these plant growth regulators improved water uptake by cut flowers and increased diameter of second floret but decreased ethylene production of the flowers. Essential oils of flowers were extracted by solvent extraction method. Both of the plant growth regulators had negative effects on essential oils of flowers, but in 1000 mg.l-1 of BA essential oils of flowers were higher than other concentrations.

Gamma-linoleic acid in the seed oil of evening primrose makes it nutritionally and pharmaceutically valuable. If evening primrose wants to be cultivated as an annual plant, sowing time is important. By the late sowing and depends to time most plants do not produce flower stem and stay in rosette stage until next spring. To solve this problem, the present study was performed. Seedling were transplanted to 4 kg plastic pots containing a mixture of leaf compost: local soil: perlite (1: 2: 1 ratio) and placed in outdoor conditions. Non-vernalized plants were then selected and treated with different temperature regimes (1, 2 and 3 weeks in 4-6oC) and gibberellic acid (GA3) application in different concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm, separately. The results showed that although some physiological parameters were affected by low temperature, no flower stem was produced. In contrast, plants that were treated with GA3 produced flower stem. Time of flowering and the number of flowers were significantly affected by the concentrations of applied GA3. Although yield components of GA3 induced plants were higher than that of normal growth plant, the seed yield of them was low. Surprisingly, the gamma linolenic acid (GLA) percentage of seed oil of plants treated with 2000 ppm GA3 was significantly higher than that of non- treated plants. Finally, it can be concluded that, although the application of GA3 guarantees delayed sowing evening primrose flowering and better GLA production, but low seed yield is a subject that cannot be easily ignored in production.

The germination power of orchids (Orchidaceae family) seems to be too weak due lack of albumen. The study carried out with various treatments including pollination time and GA3 for breaking dormancy and increasing seed germination of orchids. The effect of pollination time (8 periods from January to August) and gibberellic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1) were studied on germination of Phalaenopsis orchids. Capsules containing seeds with 2, 4, 8 and 10% hypochlorite sodium were disinfected. In order to grow seedlings the culture medium of cocopeat and coal with the ratio of 1:5, and cocopeat, coal, industrial shell, and polystyrene with the ratio of 1:1:2:4 was used. Results indicated that the most appropriate concentration of sodium hypochlorite in order to disinfect the capsules was 2%. The bestmonth for pollination of flowers was January. The highest yield from one capsule obtained 15.3 seedlings in the medium of 1/2 MS containing 1000 mg L-1 gibberellic acid. The produced seedlings were transferred to greenhouse in order to hardening. The highest rate of viability was obtained through the medium of cocopeat, coal, industrial shell, and polystyrene particles.

This experiment was carried out in 2002 to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid treatment on quantitative traits and seed tuber yield of potato. The research cite was Tajarak Research Station of Hamadan, Agricultural Research center and Natural Resources. The experiment was down with factorial design arranged within completely randomized block by hormonal treatment in three levels of gibberellic acid (0.5 and 10 ppm) with Marfona, Agria and Draga cultivars in three replication.The results showed that GA3 treatment could increase number of main stem and seed tuber per plant. It was observed that Marfona cultivar with hormone treatment of 5 and 10 ppm had heavier and more seed tubers as compared of two other cultivars (the difference with Agria was significant for 5ppm and with Draga for 5 and 10 ppm treatment at 1% level). The most effective treatment in increasing the seed tuber number was 5 ppm hormone level. Both 5 and 10 ppm of GA3 increase the number of stems in plant. Tuber yield of Marfona was superior comparing with two others cultivar.The highest tuber yield in all cultivar was obtained with 5ppm treatment which had no significant difference with 10ppm treatment. It is concluded that the optimum hormone concentration is 5ppm.