Introduction: Gathic texts are a collection of religious songs of Zarothustra who lived about 1200 BC. Of the seventy two hāts (stanzas) of Yasna (one of the five chapters of Avesta), seventeen hats belong to five Gāthas. These seventeen hats have been classified into five categories based on their syllabic meter and the number of the song: 1) ahunavaiti, 2) ushtavaiti, 3)spanta.mainyu, 4) vohu.xsheara, and 5) vahishtoishti.Method: This study is a text analysis based on modern definitions of figures of speech, so explication de text is used to analyze the translation of Gathas. Discussion: Fourteen different figures of speech were analyzed in this paper such as: congeries, oxymorons, rhetorical questions, conglobation, apostrophe, allegory, debate, invention, allusion, decorum, and conceit. Most of the stanzas of the first four Gāthas are addressed to Ahura Mazda invoking and glorifying him, and communicating with him about both spiritual and worldly subjects, such as the elimination of evil in the world and the freedom from evil in the after-world. The nature of the Gāthas is mystical but formal poetry plays an essential part in them. The fifth Gātha shows the nature of Gāthas as didactical poetry.

Transcatheter ablation of atrioventricular accessory pathway is the therapy of choice in symptomatic patients. The ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways thas some important points due to its anatomical location. Catheter ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways via left side approach is time consuming with low success rate and higher complications. We performed successful transcatheter radio frequency ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways in 25 patients. This was done via right atrial approach in 23 cases and left side approach in 2 cases.

The main objective of this research was to study relationship between the work environment factors with job involvement in faculty members. Upon correlational studies and administrating Job Involvement (Kanungo, 1982a) on 214 faculty members at 5 Islamic Azad Universities data were collected. In general, results showed that relationships In other words, only 3 dimention of 11 dimensions of work environment had meaningful correlation: identity of task (B=0.367, P<0.001), surveillance style (B=0.220, P<0.001), and occupation challenge (B=0.188, P<0.01). Thas, a model can be suggested according to the components of work environment.

Introduction: The aim of present study was investigating effect of rTMS on improvement working memory and symptom of bipolar disorder in subjects.Method: To do so, 30bipolar disorder were selected among Tehran clinics’clients using Purposeful sampling. For assessing working memory, N-back test was conducted by all subject For assessing bipolar symptoms, Beck Depression Inventory and Young Mania Inventory was conducted by all subjects.Subjects were divided into two groups; 15 subjects received rTMS and rest of them that is called control group didn’t receive it. Training sessions were conducted for 20 days; each day one session -20 minutes. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).Findings: The results showed that effect of rTMS on working memory performance and bipolar symptoms improvemen thas been effective.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that rTMS can improve working memory performance and improve symptomsin subjects with bipolar disorder.

In Islamic traditional textbooks modal operators sometimes come before propositions, sometimes before the predicates and sometimes at the end of propositions. This makes the interpretation of modality in each case as de re or de dicto difficult. Given Ibn SVnÏ's discussion of and sensitivity to this distinction, in this paper by examining the position of modality in the contradictories and converses of modal categorical propositions as well as their positions in modal syllogisms I will try to find a reasonable answer to this important issue.

Almond trees have been grown in Iran for many years. Despite almond has been classified as salt semi-tolerant plant, poor quality of irrigation water in association with salt has reduced the yields of almond over recent years. Salicylic acid (SA) is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Thas, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of SA on salinity stress alleviation of bitter almond seedling. The experiment was set up as factorial experiment in completely randomized design with two factors including NaCl concentration (0, 40 or 80 mM) and SA at three levels (0, 0.5 or 1 mM). The results showed that salt stress decreased some vegetative growth parameters and relative water content and increased ion leakage and leaf proline content in almond seedlings. Application of SA improved vegetative growth parameters, decreased proline concentration, increased water relative content and leaf chlorophyll index. Improved stress indexes in SA- treated seedlings showed that applied of SA ameliorated the adverse effects of injury caused by salt stress.

The main purpose of this article is the evaluation of achievement of new science curriculum at the primary school level in Iran. IR of. Iranian fourth graders showed increased 34 marks in science exam in TIMSS 2003 comparing to their performance eight years before in TIMSS 1995. TlMSS project Thas a classification of science goals that helps participating countries In analyzing 'performance level of of their students. By this classification. There are four performance benchmarks that are arranged from easy level to very hard one. The low, intermediate, high and advanced benchmarks are the four levels. The low and intermediate benchmarks levels are more compatible with “memory oriented” science curriculum (the previous science curriculum of I.R. Iran) and the high and advanced benchmarks are very compatible with “process-oriented” curriculum. The increased marks percent of TIMSS 2003 of Iranian students in low benchmark is 16% and in intermediate benchmark is 13%, whereas the increased marks at high benchmark is 4% and at advanced benchmark is 1%. The results of this research showed implicitly the non-achievement of “process-oriented” curriculum due to weak performance at high and advanced benchmark levels. The increased performance at low and intermediate levels can be interpreted for using the old curriculum skills by teachers for new science curriculum in TIMSS 2003.

Let E be an elliptic curve over the finite field Fq, P a point in E(Fq) of order n, and Q a point in the group generated by P. The discrete logarithm problem on E is to find the number k such that Q = kP. In this paper we reduce the discrete logarithm problem on E[n] to the discrete logarithm on the group F*q , the multiplicative group of nonzero elements of Fq, in the case where n ï q - 1, using generalized jacobian of E.

Background: Blood conservation and reduction in the need for allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) has been a subject of importance in total hip arthroplasty. There are a number of well-recognized parameters that influence blood loss during total hip arthroplasty (THA). The role of surgical approach on blood loss and the rate of ABT during THA is not well studied. The hypothesis of this study was that blood loss and the need for ABT is lower with direct anterior (DA) approach. Methods: In a case-control retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 1, 524 primary THAs performed at a single institution by seven fellowship-trained surgeons between January 2015 to March 2017. All patients received THA using either the modified direct lateral (DL) or direct anterior (DA) approach using a standard operating table. The overall ABT rate was 10. 2% (155/1, 524) in the cohort. Demographic, surgical, and postoperative data were extracted and analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for transfusion. Results: Higher preoperative hemoglobin (p<0. 001), use of DA approach (p<0. 016) and administration of tranexamic acid TXA, (p=0. 024) were identified as independent factors which reduced the odds of ABT. Operative time (p<0. 001) was associated with an increased odd of ABT, while age, BMI and type of anesthesia were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, direct anterior approach for THA appears to be protective against blood loss and reduced ABT rate, when controlling for confounding variables.

Background: Mesobothus eupeus is the most common type of mesobo thas Belongs to the buthidae family. It is reported all over Iran and is a common cause of biting. Identifying its fractions could be helpful to draw better therapeutic approach, thus the present study was Conductedin Kashan to determine different fractions of mesobuthe eupeus.Materials and methods: It was a descriptive study. Having prepared Tricine SDS - PAGE and heated The toyin with a boffer containing mercaptoethanol, 25microgram, of toxin protein was injected to each plate adjusting the electrophonesis on 80Y. Following the electrophoresis, 15hours later, the produced gel was washed and fixed by nethanol. Sigma ultra low MW was used to compare molecular weight of toxin protein Results: Mesobuthus eupeus' toxin contains 6 protein bands. The highest one had the molecular weight of 26.96 KD whereas the lowest band had the molecular weight of IKD. It has Further proteins with lower molecular weight as compared to Sigma ultra low MW.Conclusion: Since Mesobu thus eupeus Could be found all over Iran, further Studies are Stronaly recommended to determine Better antivenoum.