In the present work, the electronic properties of titanium were studied in three phases of a, b and w using the Density Function Theory (DFT). The full potential augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FLAPW+lo) method was applied using the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated total energies showed that omega phase was more stable than the two other phases. The largest electrical conductance was related to the b phase. These results were in good agreement with the findings of the previous works. In addition, these results showed that an increase in volume would lead to a decrease in energy; thus, causing an increase in the electrical conduction.

Given the concerns about the safety and health of the animal's gastrointestinal tract, as well as antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry feed, alternatives are needed to protect livestock under stressful conditions against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Prebiotic as the food additives are one of the possible strategies to improve animal health and performance in the absence of antibiotic growth stimulants. The aim of this study was to compare the biochemical and physical characteristics and prebiotic properties of three yeast wall products to improve animal safety and health. In the present study, physical and biochemical characteristics and biological activity of 3 commercial cell walls “ SafMannan, TechnoMOS and KimiaMOS” have been studied by various analyses including density, protein content, carbohydrates and ash measurements, survival analysis, light microscopy imaging, infrared spectroscopy and their potential in binding to pathogenic bacteria. Among the studied yeast cell walls, SafMannan showed higher β-glucan content than the other walls. KimiaMOS also had a higher percentage of protein and lower lipid content compared to the other walls. Also, KimiaMOS showed a more significant effect in binding to Salmonella and E. coli compared to the other two walls.