Introduction & Objective: In patients with cerebral palsy (CP) the most common presentation is lower extremity deformity specially Foot deformity. Inability to ambulation is the one of the most important disabilities, that dependent to the variety of factors such as severity of disease, kind of CP, etc. This study was aimed to assess prevalence of kinds of Foot deformity in CP and communication between kind of CP and Foot deformity and another hand inability to ambulation.Materials & Methods: 100 patients with cerebral palsy with age 3-20 y (average 12.9y) were assessed in Shafa Yahyaian Orthopedic Center and kinds of CP & Foot deformity was evaluated. In these patients, 84 subjects were selected with age 7-20 y and were evaluated for ability to walking.Results: The most common type of CP was spastic and the most common form of CP was (Quadri-Di-hemi-para) plegic respectively. The most common form of Foot deformity was equines. Inability to walking in patients with Foot deformity was more than without it (P<0.03), and in quadriplegic CP more than another types and in hemiplegic less than others. Conclusion: The most common deformity in Foot in patients with CP was equines and then equino varus & equines valgus respectively. Foot deformity is the one of the factors that effect on ability to ambulation in patients with CP. Inability to ambulation in quadriplegic CP is more than others and in hemiplegic CP less than other types of CP.

Purpose: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders is increasing worldwide.This research surveys the prevalence of pain among female hairdressers in Shiraz in 2010.Methods: This is a survey study and a total number of 239 hairdressers were selected in Shiraz, Iran by available sampling method. Data were collected by interview and filling out questionnaires about their age, body mass index (BMI), marital status, work experience, total work time, positions during work, types of shoes worn during work, and use of arch support.Also, different diseases such as hallux valgus, hallux rigidus, turf toe, hammer toe, arch Foot, plantar fasciitis, posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome, metatarsalgia, metatarsal neuralgia, and cuboid syndrome were evaluated among them. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test through SPSS software (version 16) to estimate the prevalence of pain and structural disorders among hairdressers.Results: The results showed that 30.1% of subjects had a BMI lower than 18 and 56.1% of them were married. Also 38.9% of subjects worked more than 8 hours per day and 69.5% of them worked in the standing position. According to the results, 53.1% of the subjects worn ordinary sandals and only 8.4% of them used arch support. Hallux valgus was found as a common deformity (54.9%) among study subjects, also 34.8% of them had hallux rigidus and 31% calf pain and metatarsalgia. The result also revealed a significant correlation between prevalence of structural deformity and variables of BMI, marital status, total work time per day, work experience, use of arch support, and type of shoes worn during the work.Conclusion: Several factors can cause discomfort in the legs and feet in hairdressers. Therefore, hairdressers should be trained in correct work procedures. Furthermore, modifying work conditions such as designing a proper chair, reducing working hours, and using medical shoes and sandals can reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in this occupational group.

Introduction: Foot and knee Deformities are among common complaints of patients referred to the orthopedic centers. Most of naturally occurring lower limb Deformities in children, which are rather common, would be corrected with further normal growth. However, a small percentage of these problems remain unresolved and may cause complications in the future. Methods: The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the prevalence of Foot and knee Deformities (such as, genovarus, genovalgus, flat Foot, …) among one thousand female high-school students in of Tehran District No.5. Also relationships of Deformities with age, familial and personal history and severity of clinical symptoms were studied. To indicate the severity of symptoms of genovarus and genovalgus, bilateral medial femorocondylar distance and bimalleolar distance were measured respectively. Severity of hallux valgus was determined by measuring the angle formed by medial border of Foot and medial border of great toe. Also clinical observance of patient's sole while standing was used to evaluate whether the patient had the pescavus or flat Foot.Results: 30.4% of the studid subjects had knee abnormalities, of which 27.5% were classified as genovarus and 2.9% as genovalgus. 11.2% suffered from Foot anomalies, of which 0.2% had pescavus and 11% had flat Foot. Prevalence of hallux valgus was 12.7%. Meaningful relationships were observed between Foot and knee Deformities and other variables such as age, birth order and severity of clinical symptoms. There was a significant association between Foot Deformities and familial or personal history. No significant association was detected between knee Deformities and familial or personal history.Conclusion: These findings point to the importance of proper physical examination, early diagnosis and on-time treatment of Foot and knee Deformities in children.

Background and Aim: Hyper pronation/supination may change biomechanical and neuromuscular function of the lower extremities. The purpose of the present research was studying the Electromyographic activity of Quadriceps and Hamstring muscles during single leg jump-landing in people with high, flat or normal Foot arches. Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, 30 girls, aged 20-30 years old, with normal arch, high arch, and flat Foot were recruited. The Foot arch was measured using Navicular drop index, and then the amount of Electromyography activity of considered muscle was measured using wireless EMG (16 channels, Bayamed company) during single-leg jump landing. One-way ANOVA test was run to analyze the data with the significance level set at 95% (α =0. 05). Results: There were significant differences in feedforward activity of Vastus lateralis (P=0. 018) and Rectus femoris (P=0. 026) between groups with high arch and flat feet, and significant differences in feedback activity of Rectus femoris (P-0. 018), Biceps femoris (P=0. 046), and Semitendinosis (P=0. 048) between groups with healthy and high arch feet, as well Biceps femoris (P=0. 048) and Semotendinosis (P=0. 02) between groups with high arch and flat feet. Conclusion: According to the results, high arch and flat Foot may be associated with altered activation pattern of knee stabilizers and may increase the risk of injuries in the knees.

Background: ClubFoot is a common congenital deformity in babies occurring in 1 in 1000 live births. The more accepted procedure in the past was surgery in severe cases. Ponseti technique is a non-surgical treatment method. We are exploring our early results in a small group of children with this method of manipulation and casting.Methods: We reviewed 24 patients (32 feet) with idiopathic clubFoot who were initially treated with ponseti method. The severity of deformity were classified according to the Pirani score system, before and after of correction phase. Pirani severity score and result was used in a 9 months (4-14 months) average follow-up.Results: Initial correction was achieved in 31 patients (96.8%). The patients, average of Pirani score before correction was 5.53 and after correction was 0.09 (p<0.05). Tenotomy was done in 21 patients (65.62%).Conclusion: Our study supports the use of ponseti method for the initial treatment of clubFoot deformity. Longer follow-up will be necessary to assess the risk of recurrence.

Background: Application of Hybrid 6 degrees of freedom fixation could lead to space motion in each 3 anatomic plates together and decrease the time of complex Deformities correction. This study is an investigation on the function of hybrid external fixation and the influence of it on decreasing the treatment time. About this case utilize of Ortho-SUV Frame (OSF) system is explained for the first time in Iran and report of its novel.These robotic systems are divided into two groups: active and passive, about active system all movements are done by actuators in joints and links. And in passive, the system needs an operator or patient to actuates Sturats by hand.Methods: The femur bone has been investigated was nonunion with deformity in sagittal, frontal and transversal planes. Ilizarov external fixation was applicate firstly, with this condition that the OSF systems jacks were replaced instead of simple rods in side of fracture. Software work was done on February of 2016 in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Fractures were happened in a car accident and some other operating were perforemed for this patient without any result.Results: The correction of studied deformity needs 3 planar moving. Acting this movement by Ilizarov requirements 33 mm displacement in frontal plane, 12 mm horizontal distraction and 48 mm displacement in sagittal plane. Due to the rate of correction in Ilizarov which is 1 mm per day, this bone needs 93 days for general correction and three times changing in shape of rings connections. While, by using the hybrid external fixation, all displacements were corrected in 46 days and first connection had supported all planes.Conclusion: According to that the decreasing of treatment time is one of the main goal, the hybrid external fixation systems could be an appointment choice in complex Deformities and replaced with some common fixation. In addition to, using of updated software increases the accuracy of displacement.

Foot rot is one of the contagious diseases of sheep and goats. The causal agent is Dichelobacter nodosus. The subject of this study was to prepare a multivalent Dichelobacter nodosus vaccine against Foot rot in Iran. The experimental prepared vaccine consisted of tripticase peptone. protease peptone, Lab - lemco, yeast extract, L.argenine and glucose. the quality control of the vaccine was tested in sheep for safety and efficiency. The results of quality control of experimental vaccine were quite satisfactory in injected animals. The method of preparation and quality control of vaccine is described in this paper.

Background: The most common method of treatment for vertical talus is the extensive soft tissue release. A minimally-invasive method based on Dobb's serial casting (Reverse Ponseti) was introduced 15 years ago and has yielded significant results. The aim of this study was to investigate and compares the midterm results of Casting with the extensive soft tissue release method. Methods: 12 patients with vertical talus were included in a prospective study, 6 patients with 10 feet were treated with reverse ponseti, and 6 other patients with 10 feet with externsive soft tissue release. In an 18-24 months follow-up the results were compared together, using ankle range of motion, oxford questionnaire, and radiographic measurements. Results: The mean range of ankle motion was comparable in the two groups (p=0. 35), the oxford questionnaire score was not statistically different between the two groups (p=0. 876). Conclusion: With the comparable results between the ''reverse-ponseti'' casting land extensive surgical releases in this mid-term study, the casting technique is recommended because of its lower cost and non-invasive nature.

BACKGROUND: Unlike congenital auricular malformations which are identified by underdevelopment of dermal and cartilaginous tissues, deformed ears are less sever congenital anomalies characterized only by a misshaped pinna structure and can be improved with acceptable cosmetic results and minimal cost through ear molding if treated in early neonatal period. In this study, authors present the first report of using splinting techniques for treatment of deformational auricular anomalies in Iranian children.METHODS: Our case load consisted of a series of 29 patients (Male=16, Female=13) who were referred to Plastic Surgery Unit of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from September 2011 to December 2014. Children aged more than 6 moths were excluded.Twenty-nine children affected by various Deformities including prominent ears (n=11), lop ears (n=8) and constricted ears (n=10) were treated by splintage as a nonsurgical technique. The mean time of treatment was 13.33±2 weeks.RESULTS: Eight (27.6%) patients did not complete the treatment. Splinting resulted in excellent or satisfactory results in 12 (57.14%) of treated cases. No improvement was observed at the end of the molding treatment in 9 patients. No complication was observed during the treatment in any of the patients.CONCLUSION: The nonsurgical molding can be used as an effective approach for achieving natural outcomes and correcting cosmetic abnormalities. Rate of satisfaction is dependent on type of deformity, the neonatal age in which treatment started and also parents’ adherence to treatment methods and principals.Concerning: the low rate of complications and high satisfactory results the method can be used instead of surgery in appropriate cases.