Statement of Problem: In a previous study it was reported that a durable resin-ceramic tensile bond could be obtained by an appropriate silane application without the need for HF acid etching the ceramic surface. Evaluation of the appropriate application of silane by other test methods seems to be necessary.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the interfacial FRACTURE toughness of smooth and roughened ceramic surfaces bonded with a luting resin.Materials and Methods: Ceramic discs of 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were prepared.Four different surface preparations (n=10) were carried out consisting of (1) ceramic surface polished to a 1µm finish, (2) gritblasted with 50µm alumina, (3) etched with 10% HF for 2 min, and (4) gritblasted and etched. The ceramic discs were then embedded in PMMA resin. For the adhesive area, the discs were masked with Teflon tapes. A circular hole with diameter of 3 mm and chevron-shaped with a 90° angle was punched into a piece of Teflon tape. The exposed ceramic surfaces were treated by an optimised silane treatment followed by an unfilled resin and then a luting resin cylinder of 4mm in diameter and 11 mm in length was built. Specimens were stored in two different storage conditions: (A): Distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and (B): Distilled water at 37°C for 30 days. The interfacial FRACTURE toughness (GIC) was measured at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. The mode of failure was examined under a stereo-zoom microscope and FRACTURE surfaces were examined under Scanning Electron Microscope.Results: The mean interfacial FRACTURE toughness values were; Group A: 1) 317.1±114.8, 2) 304.5±109.2, 3) 364.5±169.8, and 4) 379.4±127.8 J/m2±SD. Group B: 1) 255.6±134.4, 2) 648.0±185.1, 3) 629.3±182.6 and 4) 639.9 ±489.0 J/m2±SD. One way Analysis of Variance showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean interfacial FRACTURE toughness for groups A1-A4 (P>0.05). However, the mean interfacial FRACTURE toughness for group B1 was significantly different from that for groups B2, B3 and B4 (P<0.05). Independent-ٍٍٍSamples T-Test results showed that there was a significant increase in the GIC mean value for groups B2 and B3 after 30 days water storage (P<0.05). The modes of failure were predominantly interfacial or cohesive within the resin.Conclusions: The FRACTURE toughness test method used in this study would be appropriate for analysis of the adhesive zone of resin-ceramic systems. From the results, it can be concluded that micro-mechanical retention by gritblasting the ceramic surfaces could be sufficient with no need for HF acid etching the ceramic surfaces when an appropriate silane application procedure is used.

Statement of Problem: Evaluation of FRACTURE properties is a basic principle for true assessment of brittle materials’ properties. Resin–based composite materials are being used extensively in today’s dentistry. FRACTURE toughness is considered an important parameter for providing useful information about material’s nature, properties and its resistance to FRACTURE. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the FRACTURE toughness of a resin composite produced in the country and to compare it with that of other standard materials. Materials and Methods: Four types of resin composite materials were used as follow to prepare 60 specimens (n=15 for each group), A) Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar–Vivadent); B) Brilliant (Coltene-Whaledent); C) SpectrumTPH (Dentsply); and D) Ideal Macoo (Ideal Macoo, Iran). Specimens of 5 mm diameter (± 0.1 mm) and 2 mm depth (±0.1 mm) were prepared in a central notch (90° notch angle) PTFE mold. Then specimens were light cured with two applications of overlapping exposures for a total of 120 s and were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 48 hours, A cylindrical roller of 3 mm diameter was seated inside the V sections and FRACTURE was accomplished in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed by one–way ANOVA and post-hoc paired Tukey HSD test with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: The mean KIC and torque to FRACTURE (T) values for each material tested were; A) 3.08±0.42, 16.99±2.34, B) 2.88±0.63, 16.04±1.98; C) 3.40±0.53, 18.75±2.93 and D) 2.87±0.46, 15.78±2.57 MN/m3/2±SD and N/mm±SD, respectively. Group C showed significantly the highest mean KIC and T values among groups tested which was significantly higher than that of group B and D (P<0.05). The mean KIC and T values for groups A, B, and D were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusion: From evaluating the FRACTURE properties of materials tested in this study it was concluded that the mean FRACTURE toughness value for SpectrumTPH (Dentsply) was significantly higher than that of Ideal Macoo resin composite material (Ideal Macoo, Iran). The F.T value for Ideal Macoo was considered acceptable as it was not significantly different from that of other resin composite materials tested.  

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a promising therapeutic technique for pain control in patients with pathologic FRACTUREs of vertebral bodies. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an appropriate treatment for vertebral pathologic FRACTUREs, which is resistant to other usual treatment. It is a useful and only choice in special cases, because of less tissue damage and there is no risk of open surgery and patient's embolization is rapid. Herein we described the first case of percutaneous vertebroplasty in Yazd shahid sadoughi teaching hospital, which was done in ordybehesht 1386 in a 72 years old male with pathologic FRACTURE of 2 lumbar vertebrae. He was suffered from pain and disability and open surgery was not appropriate treatment for him.

Background and Aim: According to the importance of trigemino cardiac reflex (TCR) and also prevention and management of this reflex in maxillofacial surgeries, the present study was held to evaluate the TCR In lefort I osteotomy. on patients who came to Surgical Department of Buali hospital and the private office in 1386-87.Material and Method: The study was held on 30 patients at the age of 18-39 which were candidate for osteotomy lefort I surgery. TCR was defined as a drop in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) of more than 10% to the baseline values before maxillary down FRACTURE (D.F) and coinciding with D.F. Hemodynamic parameters such as HR and MABP evaluated with continuous monitoring in different times (before, during and after down FRACTURE of maxilla). Changes in upon characteristics were analyzed.Results: 5 patients were excluded for different reasons and study was completed on 25 patients. Age of the patients was 24.6±1.6, 30% male, and 70% female. The mean HR fell 6.5% from a mean of 94.29±12.12 beats/min, before D.F to a mean of 88.08±13.6 beats/min during D.F, returning to a mean of 93.92±13.09 after D.F. The MABP fell 9.7% from to a mean of 103±15.89 mmHg before D.F to a mean of 92.99±15.19 during the D.F, returning to a mean of 99.69±13.123 after D.F. The HR and MABP after DF were not significantly different from baseline values before the DF. The mean HR drop of more than 10% to the baseline values before DF and coinciding with DF, in 25% of the patients, and also about the MABP, it fell in 45.8% of the patients.Conclusions and suggestions: The present results give evidence that stimulation or manipulation of maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve can cause TCR, leading to a significant decrease in HR and MABP under a standardized anesthetic protocol. Further studies preferably with a multicenter design are necessary to confirm the nature, description. predisposing and triggering factors and other aspects of this seemingly physiologic phenomenon.

FRACTUREs around the elbow joint in children often occur following falling down but concomitant FRACTUREs of distal humerus lateral condyle and olecranon are rare. In this report, a six–year–old boy referred to emergency department of Shafa yahyaian hospital is presented who suffered from pain and swelling of the left elbow following falling down. The neurological, vascular and skin examination was normal. Radiographic images showed displaced and concomitant FRACTUREs of left distal Humerus lateral condyle and Olecranon. The patient was treated by open reduction and pin fixation with posterolateral approach and then was immobilized with a long-arm splint. After 5 weeks, pins were removed. After 7 weeks, the patient had a painless elbow with full range of motion.

Background: Combined arterial and skeletal trauma in lower limb imparts a substantially higher risk of limb loss and limb morbidity. Prompt diagnosis and rapid treatment is necessary for optimal limb salvage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of management of lower limb FRACTURE, dislocations with vascular injuries in a university hospital.Methods: 16 male patients with combined lower limb FRACTURE, dislocations and vascular injuries were studied during a 2 year period in a prospective cross-sectional manner.Results: The mean age was 25±10.33 (15-50). More than half of the cases were 20 yr old or Younger. Eleven cases had motorcycle accident. Eleven cases had 6 hour or more intervals between accident and surgery. Skeletal trauma in 7 cases was femoral, 3 cases proximal and 1 case supracondylar femoral FRACTURE. Vascular injuries in 7 cases was popliteal, 3 cases femoral, and 4 cases tibial. The FRACTURE treatment in 8 cases was external fixator, 3 cases internal fixation, and the rest conservative treatment. Popliteal artery and veins were repaired with resection of damaged part and autogenous reversed saphenous vein patch. Tibial vessels were repaired with end-to-end sutures.Conclusions: Amputation was done in 5 cases mainly due to long interval between accident and surgery.

We report a 71 year-old patient with intertrochanteric FRACTURE who had been managed with DHS and her healed FRACTURE complicated by a subcapital femoral neck FRACTURE.A subcapital femoral neck FRACTURE complicating a healed intertrochanteric FRACTURE is rare but catastrophic event. Such cases are managed in a hetereogenous manner, i.e. there exists a mixture of cases treated by either fixed angle devices or dynamic compression hip screws (DHS). We report on a patient who developed subcapital femoral neck FRACTUREs after open reduction and internal fixation of an intertrochanteric hip FRACTURE with a dynamic hip screw. We found 5 cases in literature with similar complication.