Background: According to high prevalence of obesity and central adiposity in adolescents and its relevance with FOOD intake, the aim of this research was to determine the relation between fast FOOD consumption and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in female adolescents.Methods: This study was conducted on 140 students aged 10 to 14 years, selected randomly among guidance school students in an area of Isfahan. They completed the quantitative FOOD frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed by recording daily activities. BMI was categorized to lower than 15th percentile for age and sex, named "low weight", between 15th to 85th percentile named "normal weight", between 85th to 95th percentile "overweight" and equal or more than 95th percentile named "obese".Findings: The mean value of BMI and waist circumference was 19.8±3.3 kg/m2 and 69±9 cm. 35.7% of these adolescents were either obese or overweight. The daily mean value of fast FOOD intake was 174.6 g. There was a significant relation among fast FOOD consumption, BMI and waist circumference (P<0.05). Those in the highest quartile of fast FOOD intake had higher BMI and waist circumference compared to those in the first quartile (P<0.001).Conclusion: There was a significant association between fast FOOD consumption and BMI and waist circumference among Isfahan female adolescents. Nutritional education is needed in this regard.

Due to the increasing development of one, two and three dimensional methods of nuclear magnetic resonance in recent years and the need to develop new research and applications of this device in the country, this article attempts to introduce new applications in this field. The applications of this technique in the fields of medicine and FOOD industry and solid state and recent device developments in this field are briefly introduced.

In this research 31 samples of macaroni and vermishel were obtained from different towns and delivered to research laboratory of the University. The production dates of all samples used were inspected to be less than six month before the date of experiments. There were 7 imported or foreign products among the samples and the other 24 were internally produced. The overall count of micro organisms for each sample was performed, using the APC method. The average SPC in samples under inspection was 4820616 CFU/g. 4 samples (12.9 %) contained CFU/g>1000. 10 samples (32.2 %) contained 1 to 10 million CFU/g. 4 samples (12.9 %) contained 10 to 100 million CFU/ g. For each gram of macaroni among the samples under the test, the count for minimum colonies was found to be 80 CFU/g and the count for maximum was 51, 000, 000 CFU/ g. The existence of common pathogen bacteria was investigated in this FOOD product.The results for 31 samples under inspection indicated that: 21 samples (67.7%) were polluted with bacillus serous, 4 samples (12.9%) were polluted with staphylococcus aureus, 16 samples (51%) polluted with yeast, 2 samples (6%) polluted with coliform, Both E.coli, and none of the samples were polluted clostridium perfringens.Extra pollution with micro organisms were found within the internally produced samples of macaroni.

in this paper, the effects of the FOOD Stamp (FS) Program (now referred to as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-SNAP) on individuals’ FOOD choices are evaluated. In other words, I examine how households' FOOD choice or relative FOOD consumption is changed by FS participation. For this purpose six FOOD groups are created using 2016 Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey (CEDS) results and Consumer Price Index (CPI). Five of these FOOD groups are FOOD consumed at home which are bakery products, dairy products, meat and meat products, vegetables, and others. Also FOOD consumed away from home is included as sixth group. Multinomial probit and conditional logit models are applied to analyze the data set. The analyses results show that FS can change individuals' FOOD choices by decreasing the price effect on FOOD since FS is a kind of income transfer which subsequently affects participants' price sensitivity. In addition, the results show that FSusage may increase the relative meat consumption of households and FOOD consumed away from home in comparison to other FOOD groups.

Background and Objective: Findings represent the role of social stress in aging, disease and mortality of individuals. Since the body responses to environmental stress by anxiety behaviors, in this study we compared the effects of “FOOD restriction”, “FOOD deprivation” and “social inequality” on anxiety-like behaviors.Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 male rats were divided into 6 groups including “control”, “FOOD restriction; 40% reduction of FOOD intake; being able to sense other’s feeding (inequality)”, “FOOD restriction keeping in isolated place (without inequality)”, “intermittent FOOD restriction” , “ FOOD deprivation; 70% reduction in FOOD intake; being able to sense other’s feeding (inequality)”, and “FOOD deprivation keeping in isolated place (without inequality)”. Different environmental stresses were applied during three weeks. At the end of stress period, anxiety behavior was measured by elevated plus maze (EPM) test.Results and Conclusion: The duration and frequency of open arm entries in FOOD deprivation groups had a significant increase and in FOOD restriction groups had a significant decrease as compared to the control group. Combination of increasing activity of the animals with anxiety during dietary restriction along with FOOD inequality represent the effort conditions of animals for improvement. FOOD deprivation reduces activity, especially when is combined with the feeling of inequality that can be considered as the probable role of social inequality in manifestation of a “learned helplessness” situation.