Background and Objective: Snake venom particulary those belonging to Crotalidae and viperidae families, are known to contain number of components affecting blood coagulation.The Aim of this paper is to describe the isolation a specific blood coagulation FACTOR X ACTIVATOR from the crude venom of Iranian Vipera lebetina.Material and Methods: FACTOR X ACTIVATOR was purified from two hundred mg of crude venom by gel filtration on sephadex G-100 and two step ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (DEAE-52).Results: It showed a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in non-reducing condition. The mol. wt was estimated to be 78000Da by SDS-PAGE the ACTIVATOR, activated FACTOR X to Xa in presence of calcium ions. It could not activate prothrombin, no had effect an fibrinogen and thus appeared to act specifically on FACTOR X.The ACTIVATOR no amidolytic activtiy on FACTOR Xa substrate benzoyl-Ile-glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitracnilide (S-2222).It had no arginine esterase activity toward substrate benzoyl-agrinine ethylester (BAEE) while crude venom hydrolyzes this substrate.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that The ACTIVATOR do act specifically on FACTOR X.

Background and Objective: The venom of many Viperidae snake appear to contain proteins that affect blood coagulation. The aim of this study was to identify and isolate a blood coagulation FACTOR V ACTIVATOR present in the venom from Vipera lebetina.Material and Methods: FACTOR V ACTIVATOR was purified from 200 mg of crude venom by three steps of chromatorgraphy which included: gel filtration on sephadex G100, Ion exchange chromatography on DEAE and cellulose and affinity chromatography on heparin agarose. The effect of FACTOR V ACTIVATOR on human FACTOR V was studied by measuring the amidiolytic activity of the produced thrombin by activated FACTOR V (Va).Results: The results of SDS – PAGE identified an ACTIVATOR of FACTOR V as a single protein band with a molecular weight of 29 KDa. This compound was converted, in the presence of calcium ions, to active FACTOR Va. It also had arginine esterase activity toward substrate BAEE (NX-benzoyl arginine ethyester) and a weak amidase activity on S-2222 (benzoylle-glu-Gly-Arg-p- nitroanilide).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the isolated FACTOR is a specific ACTIVATOR on FACTOR V.

Introduction: Major beta thalassemia is a type of autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. Constant injections and the body's inability to remove iron from the body lead to an overload of iron, which can damage heart tissue. One of the regulatory pathways for heart disease through iron accumulation is the Osteoprotegrin / RANK pathway (Receptor ACTIVATOR of Nuclear FACTOR k_B / RANKL Receptor ACTIVATOR of Nuclear FACTOR Ligand). The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum level of RANKL and its association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction, mutation, pulmonary hypertension, and MRIT * 2 in major thalassemia patients. Be. HBV. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in descriptive manner on 82 patients with thalassemia major in Kilink Server Mashhad in 1396. All patients were evaluated completely and non-invasively (complete 2D echocardiography and color M-Mode Doppler and MRIT * 2). The ELISA technique was used to measure serum RANKL levels. Spss20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 82 patients, 36 were women and 46 were men. The mean age of the patients was 23. 6 83 6. 83 years. Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction were present in 24 patients (29. 30%) and 23 patients (28%), respectively. There was no significant association between RANKL serum and left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, mutation deficit, pulmonary hypertension, MRIT * 2 index (p <0. 05). Conclusion: Research has shown that there is no significant relationship between serum RANKL levels and severe left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, jump deficit, pulmonary hypertension, MRIT * 2 index, which is the result of more research in this regard. He calls.

Background: FACTOR XIII deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder (RBD) with a high incidence in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. Central nervous system (CNS) bleeding is a common but lifethreatening clinical presentation of severe FACTOR XIII deficiency. This study aimed to assess the role of PAI-14G/5G polymorphism in occurrence of intra and extracranial hemorrhage in FACTOR 13 deficiency.Methods: In this study, 64 patient with FACTOR XIII deficiency were enrolled. Initially, according to the history of occurrence of CNS bleeding, patients were divided in two groups of case and control. At the baseline, both groups were evaluated for the Trp187Arg polymorphism in order to confirm their disorder. Then, all patients were assessed for PAI-14G/5G polymorphism.Findings: All study patients were homozygote for FACTOR XIII polymorphism. We also found that the equal numbers of patients (4 individuals) in case and control groups were heterozygote for PAI-14G/5G polymorphism and none of patients were homozygote for this polymorphism. All heterozygote patients had intracranial hemorrhage and patients with extracranial hemorrhage had no mutation of PAI-14G/5G.Conclusion: PAI-14G/5G polymorphism did not any effect on occurrence of intra and extracranial hemorrhage in patients with FACTOR 13 deficiency.

Achieving high productivity and efficiency in the electricity distribution industry is one of the main missions of Power Distribution Companies in Iran. The main problem in incentive regulation of Power Distribution Companies to fulfill this target is to develop an appropriate benchmark for efficiency and productivity growth dubbed as "X-FACTOR". This paper aims at measuring X-FACTOR for the Iranian power distribution industry. Data of Power Distribution Companies for the period of 2003-2014 and a DEA model including desirable and undesirable outputs and controllable and uncontrollable inputs have been used. According to the results, efficient companies must improve their total FACTOR productivity at an annual rate of 3. 06 percent; and inefficient companies most improve it at higher rates. The maximum X-FACTOR is 0. 0703 percent belonging to Power Distribution Company of North of Kerman Province, meaning that the Regular.

Introduction: Coagulation FACTOR X is an important protein in the blood coagulation pathway. It contains significant structural features that affect its function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural-functional features of activated form of FACTOR X in the presence of calcium ions. FACTOR X consists of 4 domains. Gamma-carboxyl glutamic acid (GLA) domain contains negatively charged and hydrophobic amino acids. These two amino acid groups with contrasting characteristics are responsible for binding to calcium ions and the membrane respectively, so it provides appropriate folding of FACTOR X in the presence of calcium ions. Epidermal growth FACTOR-like domain (Epidermal growth FACTOR) which includes EGF1 and EGF2 is the edge between GLA and serine protease domain (SP) and it is involved in binding calcium.Methods: Gathering and collecting of data has been done from molecular research in this area. It includes descriptions of three-dimensional structural characteristics of the FACTOR X.Conclusion: The catalytic role of FACTOR X is performed by SP domain; which made the heavy chain of FACTOR X. Amino acids of SP domain play role in binding FACTOR X to different ACTIVATOR and inhibitor.