Background: Morphometric measurements are important for identification in forensicmedicine. Gender is one of the important components of identity. Many studies have reportedthat hyoid bone can be used for sex estimation but this claim must be verified in differentpopulations. Methods: We evaluated 372 hyoid bones of 15 to 87 years old Iranian people who had avalid identity certification. Nine anthropometric indices of hyoid bone were measured andinvestigated in this regard. Computerized tomography scan was done after fixation of dissectedtissue in formalin. Logistic regression analysis was performed. The cut-off point (ROC) anddiscriminative formula were determined. Results: In this study, hyoid bones of Iranian bodies were studied, of which 217 were maleand 155 were female cases. The length of the hyoid body, great left horn length, angle betweenright great horn and left great horn with body of hyoid are associated with sex determination. Conclusion: Hyoid bone in male is generally larger than in females. The result indicate that thehyoid bone morphometry with a high degree of accuracy can determine the sex. Discriminantformula was determined for hyoid bone.

Background and Aim: At present, there are various methods for performing diagnostic tests. Due to the fact that saliva is easily available compared to other body fluids, it can be collected from patients in a noninvasive way and there is no risk of cross-infection because of it, so its use has become more common. Also, the analysis of substances in saliva can be a reflection of a person's oral and systemic conditions. Despite its advantages as a diagnostic fluid, the lack of sufficient information about the methods of collecting and storing samples prevents the repeated use of saliva. In this article, it has been tried to collect the most standard methods of saliva collection, required conditions and supplies, and how to maintain, and provide them to users. Material and Methods: In this review article, data were collected by searching articles which were published between year 2000 and 2020 in domestic and foreign journals, using databases such as: PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCO, Google Scholar and Embase with keywords: Saliva, Dry Mouth, Xerostomia, Salivary Determination and Saliva estimation. Among the relevant authorities, the articles that were cited many times and were more up-to-date, were selected. Conclusion: It seems like using saliva in modern diagnostic tests, makes the diagnosis of many diseases easier, faster and more accurate. The standard methods of saliva collection in this article can be used as a guide for laboratory-clinical researchs by researchers.

The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of the full thickness flap with internal mattress, suture in eliminating deep periodontal pockets in maxillary anterior region, to gain attachment and to preserve the height of the papilla prior to the periodontal surgery. Ten patients suffering from adult periodontitis in maxillary anterior region with minimum of two pockets;≥6mm were Participated in this study. Prior to the above surgery the first chase of therapy was performed the following clinical parameters1- Pocket depth2- Attachment level3- Height of papilla were measured one dayBefore the surgery and three months after the surgery. The total of 34 Pocket ≥ 6 mm was treated and the height of 224 papilla was measured. The mean difference between first two parameters. (Post surgical compare to pre surgical...) were 3.235 and 1.93 mm respectively which the differences were significant. Also the mean difference for the 3rd parameter was 1.305 mm which despite of being significant was acceptable (the differences between 3rd parameters less or closer to zero to be more acceptable. This technique is useful for eliminating pockets in maxillary anterior region.

Beckwith - Wiedemann Syndrome or partial trisomy of short arm of chromosome 11 is a rare syndrome which patients with this condition represent clinical sings such as: Macroglassia, Viscromegaly, Cardiomegaly and Wilm's tumor. This syndrome involves 1 in 13700 of all infants. Patients are usually referred to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons for their true macroglossia. This article represents two individual cases of B.W.S in a family.

Background: Sonography imaging in emergent situations is of easy-access with an ever-increasing demand. The aim of the current study was to determine the justification of sonography in emergent patients at a tertiary provincial referent medical center in a one-year period. Methods: In a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 emergent patients underwent sonography imaging during the year 2017 were selected using systematic random sampling method. The data of age, gender, anatomic area, sonography number, Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) sonography, and diagnosis were extracted from patient profiles, and were entered in a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Findings: Men patients represented 60. 0% of the requested sonography cases, and 40. 0% of the exams were performed in the patient at the age range of 20 to 40 years old. 73. 0% of patients underwent FAST sonography, required subsequent diagnostic sonography investigation, while FAST sonography led only to a diagnosis in 50. 0% of the patients. 63. 5% of the patients underwent more than one repeated sonography investigations. Conclusion: Diagnostic efficiency of FAST sonography was found to be underpowered in the current study. This caused wasting the resources, as well inflicting diagnostic retard in the emergent and urgent setting. The training of FAST sonography needs to be reviewed and revised, regarding its rationality and appropriate implementation.

Kernel method is one of the most common nonparametric density estimation and recently B-spline is used for estimation of a probability density function. These two methods in some how depend on selecting a smoothing parameter that has an important effect on precision of the estimators. In this paper, we consider kernel and B-spline methods of density estimation and smoothing parameter selection for these two methods. Then, the accuracy of the obtained estimators is compared by their mean square errors. Also, the effect of the number and dispersion of data on precision of estimators are studied. The results show that for a symmetric probability density, if the dispersion of data increases, the precision of both estimators decreases, while, for an asymmetric probability density function, the precision of the estimators increases for dispersion data.

Existence of unit root in logarithm of real GDP can be a sign of random walk with drift process in potential output. In this respect, the time growth rate of the potential output can be estimated as a proxy for productivity in state space form. For this purpose, at first potential output and GDP gap have been simultaneously estimated with Kalman Filter algorithm. Then, the results of the potential output and production cycle have been compared with the results of Hodrick- Prescott and Baxter-King approaches. The three methods have confirmed the increase in the economic stability in recent years. To take into account the oil price shock effects on government income, we incorporate the productivity into the model as a random walk process. This makes it possible to estimate productivity time services for the period 1367 (1988): Q1-1384 (2005):Q4. Our findings show that productivity in recent years has enjoyed a slow but positive trend and is somewhat stable.