To be extended as 1648000 Km2, Iran has a widely varied climate; it is a habitat for very different plant species. Nearly 190 families of vascular plants are found in this country, totally containing 8500- 9500 species, the Endemic plants being relatively numerous. Considering the inevitable importance of plants identification, a complete index of the Endemic species of Phanerogams in Iran is listed. The previously mentioned species are ordered according to Cronquist’s classification system. The volume number and the page number of the reliable references containing the under survey species monographs are mentioned below the species name. According to the fact that plants are growing exclusive in Iran, it will be worthy to do research on them from different aspects and the results can be presented in the form of important international articles. It should be mentioned that the present article refers to 1922 species belonging to 328 genera and 57 plant families, while all of them are belonging to Iranian Phanerogams. It seems that this article gives a detailed and accurate list of Endemic Phanerogams of Iran, which are known up to the end of the 20th century. We hope that the researchers of our country on doing separate scientific studies on different aspects of the above-mentioned plants will open a new horizon to the advancement of our science, showing the value of such treasure to the world.

Background: Nepeta depauperata Benth is an Endemic species and is extensively exploited as an anti-inflammatory agent in Iranian traditional medicine.Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of N. depauperata in male mice.Materials and Methods: The anti-nociceptive activities of the extract were investigated by the formalin test and Hot plate test respectively. Comparisons between the groups were carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post Hoc Tukey test.Results: N. depauperata extract showed anti-nociceptive effect. Doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the paw flexing time in formalin test from the control (P<0.05 in both phases). The doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg; 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the pawlicking time in first and second phases of the formalin test from the control, respectively (P<0.05). The observed effect was not reversed by naloxone. In Hot plate test, doses of 160 and 250 mg/kg significantly reduced the nociception in comparisons to control (P<0.05). All doses of the studied extract also showed antinociceptive activity.Conclusions: This study revealed that the methanol extract of N.depauperata may minimize both the acute and chronic forms of nociception and may have potent role against inflammation.

Background: Malaria is an Endemic infectious disease in southeastern parts of Iran. Despite years of efforts and intervention programs against malaria, transmission still occurs in Jask County.Methods: The epidemiological perspective of malaria in Jask County was conducted by gathering data from Jask County health center, during 2006–2010. A knowledge, attitude and practice study was also carried out. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS ver. 11.5.Results: A total of 2875 malaria cases were recorded, with highest and lowest numbers in 2007 and 2010, respectively. The number of cases had a decreasing trend from 1022 cases in 2006 to 114 cases in 2010. The main causative parasitic agent was Plasmodium vivax. Blood examination rate and slide positive rate were also decreased from 39.5% and 4.3% in 2006 to 15.6% and 1.4% in 2010, respectively. Most of people interviewed in the KAP study had a good knowledge about malaria transmission and symptoms but their use of the bed net for prevention was low (35%).Conclusion: Malaria incidence had significant reduction during the study years. The main reason for this may be due to changing environmental condition for Anopheline breeding and survival because of drought. Another reason may be integration of vector management by using long lasting insecticide treated bed nets, active case detection and treatment by implementation of mobile teams and increasing in financial sources of malaria control program. Knowledge, attitude and practice of people were good in malaria control and prevention, but needs to do more activities for health education and awareness.

Background: The present study was conducted approximately 40 years ago, but its results have not been re-leased. At the time of this study, the importance of the gut microbiota was not fully understood. Methods: Meriones persicus rodents, as one of the major reservoirs of Yersinia pestis bacterium in Iran, were compared in a disease Endemic area (Akanlu, Hamadan, western Iran) and a non-Endemic zone (Telo, Teh-ran, Iran) from 1977 to1981. Results: This study was able to transmit the resistance to Y. pestis to other rodents creatively by using and transferring gut microbiota. Conclusion: The study indicated for the first time that the gut microbiota could affect the sensitivity to plague in Meriones in Telo.

Leprosy is an infectious disease causing irreversible disability if unnoticed. A 69-year-old man with undetected leprosy from 30 years ago referred to us with claw hand and Madrosis (Milphosis). The patient complained of non-healing and painless ulcers on the extremities as well as numbness in the right leg. He told the medical team that he could not feel his feet in his shoes. The patient had blurred vision and lacrimation two weeks before admission. He had a history of recurrent foot ulcers from 25 years ago although he referred to medical staff about 5 years ago with infected wound on the hands and multiple scars of pervious ulcers. The disabilities were mainly in consequence of late visit to healthcare centers, misdiagnosis, difficult access to medical centers and patient's unawareness. The case showed the significance of medical education and public awareness for signs and symptoms of leprosy to be recognized and treated on time. In conclusion detecting leprosy should not be delayed just because of a decrease in the number of cases especially in an Endemic area like Kurdistan, Iran.