Purpose: To evaluate quality of life (QOL) before and after corticosteroid therapy for thyroid EYE disease (TED) and to determine the impact of the disease on QOL.Methods: A modified TED-QOL questionnaire was completed by consecutive patients before and at least 6 months after steroid therapy. All patients were clinically and biochemically euthyroid during the course of the study. QOL was assessed in subscales of visual function, psychosocial, and educational/counseling; TED was classified by severity score (NOSPECS) and Mourits’ clinical activity score.Results: Overall, 61 patients including 18 (29.5%) male and 43 (70.5%) female subjects with mean age of 37.3±13.7 (range, 18-33) years were enrolled. Mean duration of thyroid dysfunction and TED were 40.1±44.8 and 26.5±38.2 months, respectively. Mean disease severity and activity significantly decreased, and visual and psychosocial function scores significantly improved following corticosteroid therapy for TED. Psychosocial score was significantly worse than visual function score before but not after steroid treatment. Linear regression analysis and Spearman correlation test showed no significant correlation between duration of thyroid dysfunction, duration of TED, disease severity and activity on one hand, and QOL scores on the other hand, before or after treatment.Conclusion: TED seems to adversely affect psychosocial activity more than visual function. Corticosteroid therapy significantly improves QOL. No significant correlation seems to exist between QOL scores and the severity or activity of TED.

Analyzing EYEs performance is essential for e ective functioning of human. Therefore, following their motion could help doctors to make quick and accurate diagnoses for disorders like Autism, schizophrenia, or attention de cit hyperactivity disorder. Recently, several studies investigated autism disorder diagnosis and treatment. Meanwhile, various algorithms have been provided for EYE tracking. In this paper, it is intended to identify diagnosis parameters of autism disorder using EYE tracking concept. The EYE tracking algorithm that has been used in this research is simple and su cient accurate to appropriate function on videos with varying quality. The direct analysis of gaze and study of

This study was conducted to understand the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the fibrous tunic of 20 healthy adult ostrich EYEs. First, the fibrous tunic of the EYE was anatomically examined in terms of appearance, dimensions, location and structure. Then prepared histological slides were studied microscopically after staining by H&E, Verhoeff, Van Geison and P.A.S. The results showed that in the ostrich ovally round cornea, the average corneal length (lateral-medial) and width (dorsal-ventral) were respectively measured as 2.58±0.05 and 2.28±0.04 centimeters. The corneal protrusion was 0.92±0.02. The thickest part of sclera was in the posterior portion of the EYEball, in optic nerve entrance. The whole thickness of cornea and its epithelium were measured 850 µm and 65 µm respectively. Anterior surface of cornea was nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. There was Bowman's membrane with 7.5 mm thickness and positive P.A.S. reaction Descemet's membrane with 7.65 mm thicknesses. 450 mm-ticked sclera in ostrich had frequent collagen fibers which supported by hyaline cartilage with 217.8 mm thickness. Moreover, there were no elastic fibers in cornea and a little in sclera. It concluded that although there were little differences in dimensions and microscopic studies, the fibrous tunic of ostrich was similar to other birds but different from mammals.

Purpose: To focus on clinical manifestations and epidemiology of thyroid EYE disease (TED) in Central Iran’, s population. Methods: In this retrospective case study, we analyzed all patients with TED who were referred to our oculoplastic clinic from 2015 to 2019. The patients’,epidemiological characteristics and clinical presentation were compared between different thyroid disease groups and genders. Results: Overall, 383 patients (155 male,40. 5% and 228 female,59. 5%) were included. The mean age was 39. 55 years (standard deviation ±,13. 45, range 10–, 72). Most patients (89%) were hyperthyroid with the highest duration of ocular involvement among all categories (25. 6 months). The most common signs on ophthalmic examinations were proptosis (80. 4%), followed by EYElid retraction (72. 3. 0%). TED was classified as mild in 24. 5%, moderate to severe in 67. 6%, and sight‑, threatening in 7. 9%. Thirty patients (7. 8%) had active TED. Conclusions: This series with a relatively more significant number of TED cases in Central Iran found similar epidemiological and clinical characteristics of TED compared to other studies from Iran. Most of our patients were hyperthyroid, with more females compared to males. Proptosis and EYElid retraction were the most common manifestations. Most TED patients were classified as moderate to severe.