Purpose: To study the effect of near-vision reading task on optical quality of the EYE when performed on a computer monitor and on printed paper, and to identify which of the two results in greater changes. Methods: Two groups of subjects performed a 30-min reading task in two different conditions: on a computer monitor and on printed paper. Ocular, corneal, and internal wavefront aberrations (Zernike coefficients up to 6 order), root-mean-square of low-and high-order aberrations, spherical equivalent, vectoral components of ocular astigmatism ( J45 and J0), and the compensation factor between internal and corneal aberrations were measured before and after the tasks. Their changes were analyzed in each group and between groups. Results: Statistically significant changes in wavefront aberrations and in root mean square of low-and high-order aberrations were observed in both groups which was significantly greater when the task was performed on printed paper. Partial loss of compensation mechanism and variation in spherical equivalent in a negative direction occurred after both reading tasks; however, it was statistically significant only with printed paper reading task. The vectoral components of ocular astigmatism did not show statistically significant changes in either groups. Conclusion: Near-vision reading tasks can change the optical quality of the EYE, especially when the task is performed on printed paper.

1. Introduction EYE-tracking research on language, media and translation has gained ground over the last three decades. Due to their multi-semiotic nature, subtitles have been the subject of a number of EYE-tracking studies. Many influential factors such as stylistic features, translation method, lexical frequency, etc. have been analyzed. However, there is still an exponential need for further research on this area, especially in the context of Persian language. 2. Research Objectives This research aims to compare the attention given to function and content words in Persian subtitles by analyzing four EYE-tracking data. 3. Research Questions Is there any significant difference between attention allocation to function and content words in Persian subtitles in terms of four EYE data (fixation duration, fixation number, first fixation duration and skipping)? 4. Research Hypothesis H: Fixation duration, fixation number and first fixation duration are significantly larger for content words compared to function words, while the number of skipped function words is significantly higher compared to content words. 5. Method Forty random participants (23 females and 17 males) participated in the study randomly. They had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. A written consent was obtained from the participants prior to the experiment. A scene of Elle was chosen as stimuli for the experiment. The subtitles were made by Subtitle Edit Software. SMI EYE tracking device with a sampling rate of 60 Hz was used to collect the EYE data after performing a three-point calibration. The areas of interest were determined and BeGaze software was used to extract the data. Finally, the EYE data were examined in SPSS software. 6. Conclusion The results of the test showed that there was a significant difference in attention allocation to lexical and functional words. The fixation duration, fixation number and first fixation duration were significantly larger for the content words compared to the function words, while the number of the skipped function words was significantly higher compared to the content words.

If we make a cursory look at the present trend of journals in the discipline of anesthesia and articles that they publish, we are overwhelmed both by their number and the highly elegant and innovative works that they publish. In the beginning of the 20th century i.e., 1922, the first journal of anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia (A & A) was launched and published by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Francis McMechan served as the first Editor-in-Chief of A&A and continued his services in this capacity from 1922 till 1939 when the First World War started. He started his career as a newspaper reporter and this background helped him a lot in executing his duties as the Editor-in-Chief of the journal. …

Purpose: Latanoprost is known to have several ocular side effects, including redness of the EYElids, lengthening of the EYElashes, an increase in iris pigmentation, and dryness of the EYEs that causes discomfort. There are also several rarer systemic side effects reported in the literature, including chest pain. Case Report: Here we report a rare case of a patient who developed a cutaneous blistering rash on both EYElids, both sides of the neck, and the dorsum of both hands after direct contact with latanoprost EYE drops. The lesions cleared following withdrawal of the EYE drops. Conclusion: Topical latanoprost can cause severe blistering of the skin that could undermine a patient’ s confidence in the treating medical team. Reporting of an adverse effect is difficult when a generic topical medication is used.

The problem of EYE detection in face images is very important for a large number of applications ranging from face recognition to gaze tracking. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for EYEs detection. First, the face region is extracted from the image by skin-color information. Second, horizontal projection in image is used to approximate region of the EYE be obtained. At last, the EYE center is located by a corner detection algorithm. Part of the FACE94 Database has been used for experiments and benchmarking. Experimental results show that a correct EYE detection rate of 94% can be achieved on 300 FACE94 images with different facial expressions and lighting conditions.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with extra- articular involvement. EYEs in particular are one of the most common sites of involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, dry EYE syndrome is the most common conflict in terms of management. Particular studies suggested dry EYE has been associated with greater rheumatoid arthritis severity, but its association with disease severity is not known.Objectives: To investigate relationship between the severity of active RA and dry EYE.Patients and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 60 patients with RA were enrolled. Severity of RA was calculated using the formula of DAS28-ESR. Simultaneously, in addition to clinical findings of rheumatoid arthritis, appropriated EYE examinations were performed. Relationships between the severities of RA with a positive rate of dry EYE syndrome were assessed.Results: The mean severity of RA that had definite dry EYE syndrome according to DAS28-ESR was 4.53 mm. However in the group without dry EYE syndrome the calculation was 3.93. Totally, there was no significant correlation between the severity of RA and dry EYE syndrome (P=0.39).Conclusions: Our investigation showed that dry EYE syndrome is not associated with severity of rheumatoid arthritis.

After fixating on a colored pattern, observers see a similar pattern in complementary colors when the stimulus is removed. Afterimages were important in disproving the theory that visual rays emanate from the EYE, in demonstrating interocular interactions, and in revealing the independence of binocular vision from EYE movements. Afterimages also proved invaluable in exploring selective attention, filling-in and consciousness.

Objective (s): To determine the extent of clinical EYE visits as an indicator for utilization of EYE care services in Tehran population and to assess factors contributing to their visits.Methods: A random sample of 6497 individuals in Tehran was invited to take part in the study. All participants received complete EYE exams and interview. At the interview, we collected information about demographic and socioeconomic status variables, past medical and EYE history and history of EYE visits. Results: In all 4565 people agreed to participate the study giving a response rate of 70.3%. Among all participants, 34.7 % had not seen either an ophthalmologist or optometrist sometime in the past (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.4 to 36.9) and 43.2% had not been seen by an EYE care provider in the last 5 years (95% Cl, 40.8 to 45.6). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that men (OR=1.30), younger participants (OR=0.98) and the less educated (OR=0.93), and were more likely to have neglected EYE care. Those with visual impairment had less negative history of previous EYE visits (OR=0.41). Conclusion: A large proportion of the population requiring EYE care is currently not utilizing existing EYE care services. The results highlight high-risk groups.