Introduction: EYE TRAUMA is a common cause of one-sided blindness in children and teenagers. BLUNT TRAUMA can cause rupture of orbital cavity and the herniation of its content may affect the nearby sinuses leading to hemorrhage in the anterior chamber (hyphema).TRAUMAtic hyphema that specially happens in the EYEs with BLUNT TRAUMA can be followed by high infra ocular pressure, corneal staining, cataract, injury of the optic nerve and sever loss of visual acuity (VA). Early diagnosis and treatment of this complication can prevent the later and worst complications. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of TRAUMAtic hyphema and its complications in EYE BLUNT TRAUMA.Materials and Methods: According to a cross- sectional descriptive protocol, we studied 83 patients with EYE BLUNT TRAUMA who referred to the EYE clinics of Bahman 22nd and Farabi hospitals. A formal questionnaire was designed to be completed for personal particularities of each patient as well as the information about the examinations of orbit, cornea, AC, lens and optic nerves. In addition, the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) and initial VA were recorded. Then we analyzed these records and evaluated the prevalence of hyphema and its complications in EYE BLUNT TRAUMA.Results: This study shows that hyphema is a common complication of EYE BLUNT TRAUMA that occurs in approximately 50% of the patients with EYE BLUNT TRAUMA.36.1% of the patients were in the age group of 20-40 years old with an average age of 36.7 years. There were 65.9% males and 34.1% females. The most common causes of TRAUMA included projectiles (48.8%) and assaults (36.6%). The most common associated symptoms with hyphema included red EYE (56.09%) and dark vision (48.7%).The most frequent occurring complications included sever decrease of initial VA (75.6%) and high IOP (48.8%).Conclusion: Hyphema is a common complication of EYE BLUNT TRAUMA that may lead to other complications like sever loss of VA and high IOP. So, thinking of and searching for hyphema in any patient with EYE BLUNT TRAUMA can help us to diagnose it at early stages and prevent other complications.

Background: Symptoms of BLUNT abdominal TRAUMA and the related diagnostic methods are of great importance.Objective: To evaluate BLUNT abdominal TRAUMA in Shahid Rajaee hospital of Qazvin.Methods: Through a retrospective study, 313 patients with BLUNT abdominal TRAUMA out of 1017 TRAUMAtic cases, who referred to Shahid Rajaee hospital from 1993 to 1996, were selected.Findings: The findings indicated that the most common involved organs were spleen, liver, small bower, kidney and uraters respectively. The most common signs in alert patients were pain, drop of blood pressure and sign of peritonitis. More admissions happened in summer especially in the month of Shahrivar, and more in males than females with the rate of 4 to 1. There were 87.9% discharged cases and 9.9% mortality cases. 47% of the cases had splenic TRAUMA, 25.5% liver TRAUMA and 14.3% small bowel TRAUMA.Conclusion: Different results especially in U.S.A. are probably due to fastening the seat belts while driving which results in more bowel TRAUMA and less liver TRAUMA.

Background: Biloma is a rare abnormal localized accumulation of bile out of biliary tree due to an injury. It has different non-specific clinical features and its diagnosis is based on clinical signs, radiologic findings and chemical analysis of aspirated liquid. Considering the non-specific clinical features, early diagnosis and treatment can have an effective role in the decrease of complications or even mortality and morbidity.Case presentation: A 31 year-old man with dyspnea which had decreased pulmonary sound in the right lung base referred to our center. Two months ago, he had a history of laparotomy and a repaired liver rupture due to the BLUNT hepatic injury in an accident. His chest xray and abdominal ultrasonography showed a mass in his right liver lobe. The patient underwent the FNA with ultrasonography guide. Chemical analysis of aspirated liquid proved that the liquid was bile. The next follow up, the mass disappeared and no recurrence was detected.Conclusion: Diagnosis of biloma in a patient with the history of BLUNT liver TRAUMA should be considered for proper interventional treatment in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Introduction: Before the CT scan was widely used for imaging, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was a rare diagnosis and in most cases proved fatal. Currently, thanks to the CT scan IVH is easily diagnosed. Prognosis of IVH is very poor and almost always is accompanied with other intracranial TRAUMAtic lesions and pure TRAUMAtic IVH is very rare. Material and Methods: This descriptive study done on 28 patients with IVH. During a year 742 patients were admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Kamyab Hospital.Results: In 28 cases the leading cause of admittance was motor vehicle accidents, Most of the patients were between the age of 21-30., Out of 28 cases had IVH, 5 patients (18%) had pure IVH and the remaining others had intera cranial legions like, parenchyma hemorrhage, sub-arachnoids hemorrhage , brain contusions, subdural hemorrhage and acute hydrocephalus in one patient (3.6%). 82% of patients had a very low-conscious level at admittance, which measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale, lower than 8. Mortality was higher than 61%. Four patients had surgical treatment and all died. Eight cases did not have any surgical procedure.Conclusion: TRAUMAtic IVH is very rare in severe BLUNT head injuries and is associated with other brain lesions and had a poor prognosis. Mortality rate is different and depends on other accompanying intracranial lesions. Surgical intervention does not have a significant effect for a successful out come.

Purpose: To report a case of hypotonous maculopathy after BLUNT TRAUMA and its treatment. Patient and Findings: A 34-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity in her left EYE following BLUNT TRAUMA. Right EYE examination was unremarkable, but visual acuity of left EYE was counting fingers. Slit lamp biomicroscopy of the left EYE was within normal limits, but on funduscopy, papillomacular chorioretinal wrinkling was present. Intraocular pressure (IOP) of left EYE was 4 mmHg. On gonioscopy, a cyclodialysis cleft was seen from 11 to 1 o'clock. Argon laser therapy to cyclodialysis cleft was performed. Two months later, best spectacle corrected visual acuity of left EYE was 20/20 and chorioretinal wrinklingds isappeared and IOP was 15 mmHg with timolol 0.5% twice daily.Conclusion: BLUNT ocular TRAUMA may result in cyclodialysis cleft which can lead to hypotony and maculopathy, consequently. Argon laser photocoagulation to the cyclodialysis cleft might be an effective way to relieve hypotony and improve vision.

Introduction: Tracheobronchial injuries are uncommon but potentially fatal complication of BLUNT thoracic TRAUMA harboring a high morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed early. A recent series gleaning cases from four major TRAUMA Center in Los Angeles nine cases in a seven- year period, but the incidence of these injuries has been increasing recently.This has been attributed to improvement in hospital care and advanced TRAUMA Centers and earlier diagnosis of such injuries. Disruption of tight main bronchus is more common, such injuries are often associated with rib or clavicular fractures.Findings: Clinical and paraclinical data gathered from records of three ,patients referred with tracheobronchial injuries during the recent ten years have been reviewed .These include clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, treatment modality and clinical course. The outcome has been satisfactory in all three patients who have undergone operation 2-5 hours after sustaining the injury. We have not had any mortality.Conclusion: These results are similar to those of. other series emphasizing over early diagnosis and treatment of such injuries.

Appendecitis is one of the most frequent surgeries. Inflammation of appendix may be due to variable causes such as fecalit, hypertrophy of PEYEr’s plaques, seeds of fruits and parasites. In this study we presented an uncommon type of appendicitis which occurred after abdominal BLUNT TRAUMA.In this article three children present who involved acute appendicitis after BLUNT abdominal TRAUMA. These patients were 2 boys (5 and 6-year-old) and one girl (8-year-old) who after BLUNT abdominal TRAUMA admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and symptoms of acute abdomen and appendectomy had been done for them.TRAUMA can induce intramural hematoma at appendix process and may cause appendicitis. Therefore, physicians should be aware of appendicitis after BLUNT abdominal TRAUMA.

A myocardial contusion refers to a bruise of the cardiac muscle, the severity of which can vary depending on the severity of the injury and when the injury occurs. It is a major cause of rapid death which happens after BLUNT chest TRAUMA and should be suspected at triage in the emergency department. We demonstrated that suspected myocardial contusion patients who have normal electrocardiograms (ECGs) and biomarker tests can be safely discharged. However, if the test results are abnormal, the next steps should be echocardiography and more advanced measures. Diagnosing myocardial contusion is very difficult because of its nonspecific symptoms. If a myocardial contusion happens, cardiogenic shock or arrhythmia must be anticipated, and the patient must be carefully monitored.

TRAUMAtic abdominal wall hernia is a rare type of hernia, which follows BLUNT TRAUMA to the abdomen, where disruption of the musculature and fascia occurs with the overlying skin remaining intact. Diagnosis of this problem is very difficult and delayed.TRAUMAtic hernia is often diagnosed during laparatomy or laparascopy, but CT scan also has a role in distinguishing this pathology. Delay in diagnosis is very dangerous and can result in gangrene and necrosis of the organs in the hernia. The case report of a 35 years old man with liftruck BLUNT TRAUMA is reported. His vital signs were stable. On physical examination, tenderness of RUQ was seen. He underwent Dpl for suspected hemoprotein. Dpl was followed up by laparatomy. Laparatomy revealed that the transverse and ascending colon partially herniated in the abdominal wall defect. The colon was reduced in the abdomen and repair of abdominal hernia was done. The patient was discharged after 5 day. The etiology, pathogenesis and management are discussed.