Iran is located in arid and semi-arid regions and has an average precipitation which is one third of the global average. The special character of this region is heavy precipitation. To examine the synoptic characters of heavy precipitation of arid regions, we did a case study on Kerman province. In this study, we use two separate data bases: synoptic station and upper atmosphere. In synoptic station, we use the data of heavy rain. In upper atmosphere, we use (SLP), (HGT), (SHUM), (AIR), (UWIND) and (VWIND). The results show that the heavy rain events are not created from certain source. Using statistical indicators Gamble type 1, 76 tokens of heavy rainfall event were identified in Kerman province. Then through cluster analysis of the geo-potential data level 500hp the synoptic patterns of precipitations were identified. The analysis of synoptic rainfall patterns shows that the most important factor shaping the heavy rainfall in Kerman province is East ward and East Mediterranean descent strengthen the middle troposphere, so when moving down polar vortex system is associated with heavy rainfall at province stations.

In this paper some characteristics of age parameter (s) are studied on the basis of SHOWERS from Yakutsk array data having energy ranging from 1018 eV to 1019 eV.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) or Heck’s disease is a rare viral infection of the oral mucosa caused by human papilloma virus especially subtypes 13 or 32. The frequency of this disease varies widely from one geographic region and ethnic groups to another. This paper reports an Iranian case of EXTENSIVE focal epithelial hyperplasia. A 35-year-old man with FEH is described, in whom the lesions had persisted for more than 25 years. The lesion was diagnosed according to both clinical and histopathological features. Dental practitioner should be aware of these types of lesions and histopathological examination together and a careful clinical observation should be carried out for a definitive diagnosis.

Riverbank erosion, land loss and associated sedimentation are river engineering and water resources management problems of global significance. The ability to predict riverbank stability on eroding rivers is the prerequisite of developing a channel width adjustment model and is essential for estimating riverbank erosion and associated sedimentation. In this research, a detailed model for stability analysis of riverbanks is introduced. Contrary to most available models developed based only on one type of planar or rotational failure, the new model includes both these types of failure, providing the ability to analysis bank stability using other available methods and compares the results. Furthermore, this new, unique model has the ability to analyze riverbank stability against cantilever failure. The most suitable analysis method was first selected based on bank material characteristics and stratification and the height and slope angle of the riverbank. The stability of the riverbank was then analyzed based on probable failure methods. The application of the new model providing examples of different types of failure is described.

Objectives: Possible serotonergic modulation of acute peripheral inflammation was investigated in rat adopting AIR pouch as an experimental model. Methods: AIR pouch type carrageenan-induced inflammation model on the back of the male Wistar rats was used. Injection of carrageenan solution into an AIR pouch induced gradual increases in the pouch fluid volume and leukocytes accumulation in the pouch exudates as well as granulation tissue weight. Granisetron (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 & 800mg) was injected at the same time as the carrageenan. Results: Granisetron (50, 100 & 200, 400 mg) was found to inhibit the number of white cells in the exudates at 6 hours after the carrageenan injection significantly (from 119.6 ± 7.8 million in control group to 62.5 ± 6.7 million , 69.5 ± 9.8 million, 82.5 ± 4.8 million and 86.3± 6.3 million respectively). The pouches fluid volumes were decreased significantly by doses of 12.5mg (3.6± 0.1ml), 25mg (3.4 ± 0.1ml), 100mg (3.6 ± 0.2 ml), 400mg (3.7 ± 0.1ml), 800mg (3.6 ± 0.1ml) of granisetron compare to control (4.1 ± 0.08ml). Tissues weight at 6 hr after carrageenan injection was increased by doses of 12.5 mg (5.04 ± 0.6 g) , 25 mg (3.06 ± 0.5 g) and 800 mg (4.7 ± 0.2 g) and was decreased with 100 mg granisetron (1.3 ± 0.2 g) significantly compare to control group (5.04 ± 0.6 g). Conclusion: The study confirms that the serotonergic system is capable of modulating peripheral inflammation via 5HT3 receptors.

Purpose: loss of significant lengths of ureter when substitution with bowel or bladder fails is a disaster in urology. This study is conducted to evaluate the results of subcutaneous nephron-vesical bypass (SNVB) in ureteral damage of different etiologies. Materials and Methods: Seventeen SNVB were employed in patients with ureteral injuries. We employed a device consisted of an internal silicone tube covered by a coiled PTFE tube to replace the ureter. This is called artificial ureter (AU). Proximal end of the AU was introduced in the kidney percutaneously, the tube was passed through a subcutaneous tunnel, while the distal end was inserted in the bladder through a small suprapubic incision. Results: Follow-up ranged from six months to ten years. We removed the prosthetic ureter in one patient due to gross hematuria two months after insertion. One of the patients was reoperated two days after the procedure because of urinary leakage. In all other patients, the procedure was safe and effective. Conclusion: Subcutaneous nephron-vesical bypass is a safe and appealing alternative to a nephrostomy tube. This is a permanent device with no need for exchange. The technique can be applied in ureteral injuries due to various causes.

Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve is the most important fly, which produces myiasis, exists as an obligate ectoparasite in the animals, and afflicts human. Poor hygiene and working in contaminated areas particularly during warm seasons provide a situation to infest by this parasite. Infestation in human and livestock are often observed in wounds, normal body orifices such as eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. The manifestations include pruritus, pain, inflammation, redness, eosinophilia, and secondary bacterial infections and rarely death. A 5-year-old boy with severe headache and agitation symptoms was followed up. After physical examination and endoscopy, larvae of third instar fly were obtained from his scalp. Our precise identification indicated that the flies were the C. bezziana. This is the second report of the human scalp myiasis caused by C. bezziana in Iran. This study confirmed that the old world screwworm fly was distributed in the southern of Iran and probably could be one of the most important agents of myiasis in this area.