The present research sought to examine “ learning motivation” for German language outside university. For the purpose of this study, a sample group 370 learners from among students of DSIT language Institute in Tehran were selected. The components of L2 Motivational Self System theory were considered the factors affecting motivation. In addition, these factors often have a meaningful correlation with “ instrumental motivation” including “ education and employment in Germany” . The study of motivation variables in the sample group in terms of possible selves and its comparison with the results of other research conducted in the area of English language learning showed that motivation for learning German language outside university and school has a meaningful correlation with L2 Ideal Self, L2 Ought-to Self as well as L2 Learning Experience. The results of this survey can support the Foreign Language Policy in both formal and informal language learning settings providing motivational aspects of learning of German in Iran.

Plasma fractionation products ( PFP) have been supplied by importation in Turkey since decades. Last decade this importation had a great increase due to several reasons.Importation of plasma fractionation products is under the strict regulations of Ministry of Health (MoH) in Turkey. Blood collection is also under the control of MoH by “Blood and Blood Products Law” which is recently renewed at 14th April 2007.

Background: Globally, 1. 5 to 3 million people are exposed to snakebites each year. More than 100, 000 of these cases, primarily in the tropics, result in death. This study includes an analysis of a university hospital’, s three-year EXPERIENCES of distal extremity snakebites. Methods: This study includes 68 patients presented at the Emergency Department (ED) of Gaziantep University Hospital with snakebites on distal extremities (hands, fi, ngers, and feet) between 01/03/2014 and 01/03/2017. Results: A total of 68 patients had wet snakebites on their distal extremities. Forty-seven patients (69%) were male, 21 (30. 9%) were female, and the mean age was 43. 03 ,18. 13 years. Snakebites most commonly occurred in September (26. 5%, n = 18). Twenty-fi, ve (36. 76%) patients had systemic symptoms (grades 2, 3, and 4). Also, 98. 5% (n = 67) of patients received only antivenom therapy. Compartment syndrome was observed in one patient (1. 5%), and this patient was treated with antivenom therapy and plasmapheresis. The most common local fi, nding was pain (88. 2%, n = 60). Also, 2. 94 ,2. 5 vials of antivenom (range 0-10) were used per person on average, whereas the mean duration of hospitalization was 2. 51 ,1. 5 (range 1-8) days. Conclusions: This study focused on hands, fi, ngers, and feet because these parts can be protected (ie, preventing bites) by wearing shoes and protective gloves. Also, there was no mortality due to extremity snakebites. The most common long-term complications were paresthesia and movement limitation. It is recommended that high-risk populations (like agricultural laborers, nature travelers, and documentary teams) be taught appropriate fi, rst aid practices after snake bites.