Background: Although in many countries child abuse reporting is mandated, Iranian nurses report abused cases voluntary. Some of the cases are reported to the police and others are referred to welfare organizations or other non-governmental organizations. Absence of a uniform reporting system along with a lack of legal support in the specific cultural context of Iran has resulted challenges for the reporters of child abuse.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the Iranian nurses’ EXPERIENCES of reporting child abuse as well as to explore the existing barriers.Patients and Methods: A qualitative study with conventional content analysis was conducted to explore the barriers of reporting child abuse. Individual interviews between 30 and 45 minutes in duration were conducted with a purposive sample of 16 nurses with direct experience of dealing with children who had been abused. Graneheim and Lundman’s method was used for data analysis.Results: The data were classified to five themes including “knowledge deficit”, “previous unpleasant EXPERIENCES about child abuse reporting”, “ethical challenges”, “ legal challenges” and “cultural beliefs”.Conclusions: According to the findings, enhancement of nurses and public knowledge about child abuse, legal issues and jurisprudence along with legislation of clear and simple laws, are mandatory to protect abused children in Iran.

Mysticism and its associated methods have been the subject of interest in the study of human potentials from the psychological point of view. Different schools of thoughts in the field have tried to interpret mystical approaches based on their own understandings, theory and teaching methods. In this article, direction and origin of these interpretations, and development of the latest positions taken by these schools of thoughts has been reviewed. In these regards, from denial of the above EXPERIENCES from Freud doctrine, to the role of archetypes and exogenous factors from Jung school of thoughts, and the impact of social factors from Maslow and Rogers, as well as, the latest development in neurological sciences and biochemical functioning of the brain, have been discussed. Also, interacting factors which encourage mystical behaviour have been addressed briefly.

Background and Objective: Appropriate clinical environment has an important role in preparing students to use learned knowledge in practice through providing learning opportunities. Since the students’ EXPERIENCES in the clinical setting affect on quality of their learning, the current study aimed to explain the EXPERIENCES of nursing students concerning clinical education setting.Materials and Method: The current study was conducted based on conventional content analysis. Sampling was done purposively and the participants were 13 last year nursing students in Zabol Nursing and Midwifery School in 2013-2014. Data collection was done through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted through qualitative content analysis approach.Results: Based on the results, five major categories including threats, vision, dual forces, mindset and students’ action to clinical education and also10 subcategorie were identified.Conclusion: Since the formation of students’ EXPERIENCES in these environments is one of the predictive factors in achieving their learning and in facilitating the professionalization process, thus; the attention of managers in clinical settings is very important for decreasing the threats and concerns for students. In this way, the marred prospects of profession can be recovered through the meeting students’ expectations, attractiveness of the profession can be increased and the positive belief, actions and feelings can be created in students.

Aim and Background: Adoption is a subject with prolix antecedent in historical society and culture. Child acceptation affects on partner and family relation; so recognition of these families experience help nurses to have a deep knowledge about the individual and social relationship of these families.Methods and Materials: In this phenomenological qualitative study, 15 families with adopted child were selected by target based method, in Shahrekord, Iran. Data collected by in-depth semi-structured face-toface interviews. Data analysis was conducted using the phenomenological analytic method defined by Colaizzi.Findings: Totally, 160 codes were extracted. Nine main themes were obtained related to psychological EXPERIENCES including; parent role acceptation, adoption tools, interaction with others, child specification, mental changes, family relation, life changes, child acceptation and relation with child.Conclusions: Based on our findings, mental changes were the most important experience mentioned by families. Adoption has some compensation for the adopted child and consolidates the family basis. Nurses should consider these findings in the psychological interventions for solving related problems.

Analysis of existing drought management policies in some countries, including Iran, indicates that decision-makers mainly react to drought episodes through a crisis-management approach, instead of developing a comprehensive and long-term policies. One of the comprehensive programs is the drought risk management model adopted in the member state of the European Union (EU), which is based on the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). In the present study, the above-mentioned document along with the EXPERIENCES of different countries faced with the drought crisis was analyzed in order to prepare a drought management plan for the country. This study is an applied research performed through library studies based on scientific and international resources. The results showed that in the process of drought management, creation of organizational capacity is the main factor to evaluate drought and its various effects on the community. This can only be achieved through the establishment of a Drought Independent Committee. On the other hand, drought management should be seen as a risk management process that emphasizes permanent monitoring of resources and observes climate change in the monitored area, rather than the onest of disaster as a crisis management. Drought management has been accepted by the international community in terms of risk management instead of crisis management. The proposed plan presented in this study is based on active drought management (risk management) that provides appropriate plans and preparedness for drought response, by offering long-term planning and forecasting.

Introduction: Motorcyclists play an important part in increasing the death toll form road accidents in study is designed to identify the risky behaviors experienced by the motorcyclists which is believed to help promote the safety of them and other members of the community.Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study and we selected a sample of motorcyclists from different parts of Tehran. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with participants. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed consecutively.Results: Analysis of the data revealed two behavioral themes describing risk riding in Iranian motorcyclists: 1) unintentional behaviors due to inability for riding, less control of motorcycle and low mood or lack of concentration while riding; 2) intentional behaviors such as riding an inappropriate or defective motorcycle; unallowable use of motorcycle; showing off; and breaking traffic laws.Conclusion: Even though, a great number of the risky behaviors identified are similar to those reported in previous studies, some differences were observed. This might be explained by a number of psychological and social factors that having a role t in the risky behaviors of the motorcyclists.

The conceptions, practices and efforts of some education systems in ten countries and four continents of the world, in area of national curriculum, have been reviewed and analyzed in this inquiry to represent a brief look of their EXPERIENCES and obtain some guidelines for delineating and developing national curriculum. The methodology in this inquiry has been descriptive and analytical research with emphasis on the qualitative dimension of inquiry.The selection of educational systems as inquiry sample has been purposeful.Data gathering from the countries has been done through the six components of the inquiry which are the main criteria in reviewing, assessing and delineating national curriculum practices and conceptions in these education systems. They are as below: 1- goals and other curriculum main elements; 2- conceptions and theorization; 3- necessities, preconditions and foregrounds; 4-structural and implementation characteristics; 5- attention to school based curriculum development; and 6-interest to the field of curriculum orientations.