Background: After organ transplantation, many patients have diverse EXPERIENCES; they face many changes in the physical and emotional aspects of their life. Patients’ understandings of the post-transplantation period influence their adaptation to the changes. There is a need to improving the knowledge of patients’ unique EXPERIENCES of post-transplantation period and the changes occur in their life.Objective: To explore the EXPERIENCES of organ recipients in the post-transplantation period.Methods: In a qualitative research using a hermeneutical phenomenological approach, data were collected from April 2015 to June 2016. Participants were consisted of 15 patients who received organ chosen using a purposive sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews were held with them. The collected data were analyzed using Diekelmann’s hermeneutical analysis approach.Results: The data analyses led to the development of 3 main themes and 17 subthemes as "back from the grave" with the subthemes of "organ as the God’s deposit, " "God as the source of life, " and "new life"; "chapter of prosperity" with the subthemes of "the spring of the body, " "recovery, " "peace and joy, " "benevolent and good behavior, " "renewal, " "opportunity of being together again, " "golden age, " "positive perspective, " "the sense of normality, " "the return of health, " and "spiritual evolution"; and "the fall" with the subthemes of "a lack of energy, " "the mirage of transplantation, " and "hell on the earth." Conclusion: The patients had diverse EXPERIENCES of the post-transplantation period, which varied from the feeling of exhilaration and youth to losing energy and the wish for not undertaking organ transplantation.

Although divorce affects many parts of the society including spouses, children and, families, the entire social life cycle of individuals, the kind of individuals’ EXPERIENCES, based on their gender, Subjectivity in the process, degree of involvement. It may be perceived by the individuals as a positive or a negative experience. Given the differences in divorce men’s EXPERIENCES and the fact that some cultural factors in the Kurdish society reduce woman’s role to an object in the marital life, this study was done to find Kurdish divorced women’s life experience and to arrive at an understanding of their challenges and growth opportunities. Hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used in this study. The number of participants based on purposive sampling includes 19 divorced women in the Saqqez city. The theory developed and proposed by Kaslue and Mezirow was used as the framework for organizing the data and through the individual interviews the following themes were derived: 1. the process of divorce; 2. the consequences of divorce; 3. self-perceptions; 4. personal emotions; 5. behavioral reactions to divorce and 6. attitude toward divorce.

Objective: Awareness of elderly patients' EXPERIENCES of myocardial infarction can assist to identify their need, problems, as well as promote their quality of lives. However, there is a little information about how elderly people experience myocardial infarction. This study aimed to explore elderly patients experience with myocardial infarction and their coping strategies.Materials & Methods: This paper is a part of a larger grounded theory. Eight old age patients (65+ years) with first time myocardial were interviewed as purposeful and theoretical sampling. Semi-structure interviews were used for data collection. Data collection and analysis were simultaneously conducted using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory approach. The trustworthiness of data is confirmed through Lincoln and Guba' s criteria.Results: Elderly patient's EXPERIENCES of myocardial infarction were categorized as two main themes include: living in the shadow of fear, live with limitation, and their coping strategies namely as return to active life. Living in the shadow of fear is consisted of sub themes named fear of death/reinforcing, fear of physical inability, and fear of dependency on others. Live with limitation composed of feeling of physical incapacity, bodily symptoms, and adherence of medical regimen/family. Return to active life includes positive thinking and self-reliance.Conclusions: Elderly people with first time myocardial infarction experience severe stresses and more limitations due to suddenly threatening their lives and health. Adopting positive coping strategies could facilitate return to normal life and promote their quality of life.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS-A) through one transumbilical port vs. 3-port laparoscopic (3TA) appendectomy in children. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 309 children (65 LESS-A، 244 3TA) operated on between 2008 and 2012. One hundered forty-nine patients had acute catarrhalis (CA)، 133 phlegmonous (PLA)، and 27 perforated appendicitis (PA). We compared the duration of operation (DO) the incidence of abdominal abscesses (AA)and wound infections (WI)، as well as the degree of appendiceal inflammation (DI) among surgeons with and without board certification. RESULTS: For all DI، LESS-A resulted in a shorter DO than 3TA (CA 57. 9 ± 22. 8 vs. 68. 5 ± 23. 2، P = 0. 014; PLA 51. 5 ± 16. 5 vs. 68. 4 ± 33. 0، P = 0. 006; PA 66. 0 ± 29. 0 vs. 97. 3 ± 41. 8، P = 0. 039). LESS-A was not used for less complicated cases when compared to 3TA (CA 50. 8% vs. 47. 5%; PLA 33. 8% vs. 45. 5%; PA 15. 4% vs. 7. 0%; CA vs. PLA، P = 0. 292; CA vs. PA، P = 0. 142; PLA vs. PA، P = 0. 031). Surgeons without board certification were assigned to a similar percentage to perform both techniques for any DI (CA 30. 3% vs. 37. 1%، P = 0. 541; PLA 31. 8% vs. 40. 5%، P= 0. 484; PA 40% vs. 35. 3%، P = 1. 0). We found no significant differences concerning AA (1. 5% vs. 1. 2%، P = 1. 0) and WI (3. 1% vs. 1. 6%، P = 0. 61). CONCLUSIONS: LESS-A can be done by surgeons with and without board certification for all DI، with shorter DO and similar complication rates as compared to 3TA.

Background: The increase in research misconduct among Iranian researchers has become challenging in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the researcher’s EXPERIENCES about the reasons of research misconduct and their proposed strategies to prevent them.Method: This was a relational content analysis study using purposeful sampling. In this study, 10 non-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with PhD students. Data were analyzed using open code software.Result: We extracted three main categories from the data including research misconduct situations, reasons and strategies to control them. The quantity based evaluation system, not being aware of the rules, and lack of clear rules for the journals were important reasons for the research misconduct. Establishing quality based evaluation systems, improving morals and rule awareness, establishing a system to identify violations and setting clear rules for the journals were the proposed strategies to control research misconduct.Conclusion: Research misconduct in Iran has become a major concern of researchers and necessary actions should be taken.