Background: Hypertension is one of the major chronic disorders. Hypertensive patients have various disease-related EXPERIENCES, based on personal and social characteristics, life style and other effective factors. Nurses face different situations during their activities process and presentation of these EXPERIENCES obtained during working with patients can help them to improve the clinical activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the EXPERIENCES of hypertensive patients.Methods: This was a qualitative phenomenological survey. The study population was hypertensive patients referred to hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was purposeful. The data collected by in-depth interviews and data analysis was done by Collis’s seven-staged method.Results: The findings of the interviews classified in 133 codes and the thematic analysis revealed three major clusters as: 1. clinical EXPERIENCES about the disease; 2. social EXPERIENCES of the disease; and 3. mental-psychological EXPERIENCES.Conclusion: Hypertensive patients had mostly experienced chronic situations and treatment process as well as their surrounding problems such as diet and life style. Life style is an important criterion for our physical health and it should be changed so that hypertensive patients feet relatively healthy, fine and peaceful in the rest of their life. Patient indicated beliefs about their disease and experienced its psychological signs.

Steel industry presents one of the highest energy demand of all the industrial sector. Foundries have a really relevant role both in economical terms and as regards the energy demand. The cost of energy represents several percentage points of the overall costs of a foundry.The electricity demand is very high, particularly for the induction melting furnaces. A large amount of thermal energy is obtained both from natural gas combustion and from the coal needed for the process of formation of cast iron in cupolas. Moreover, the plant services must be considered: one very energy consumer is compressed air production. Every factory is different from another so that the proposal of actions of energy savings or thermal recovers requires a detailed study of each plant considering the lay out and analysing the single processes with related energy needs and thermal levels. The co-operation of the University of Padua with the Centro Produttivita` Veneto allowed to plan a series of energy audits in some foundries located in Vicenza province. The EXPERIENCES of the first facilities surveys and audits recommendations demonstrated both potential advantage of energy savings and the related difficulties, often due to the high investment costs.Anyhow the joint work of auditing between the university experts and the foundry technicians produced a better awareness on the critical points of the plant and a higher rationality level in the evaluation of investments for the renewable of the machinery. Here, the method of performing the energy audits is described together with the very first results in terms of proposals for energy savings evaluated technically and economically.

Objectives: The data reported in child poverty, have been making a motivation for more attention to study about it, almost from the beginning of this century. With similar motivation, this study followed by review, "Theoretical Principles of child poverty" to this path, provides areas for future research. Method: Historical and theoretical studies conducted around the child poverty with regard to results of empirical studies and EXPERIENCES of countries engaged in this topic.Findings: The child poverty describes under 18 years old people deprivation of material resources, emotional and spiritual need for survival, development and progress less than 18 years is.Results: In the definition of child poverty, rather than focus only on per capita income of households, children's rights violations should be considered. With such a definition: half the world's children live in poverty. Most poor children live in rural areas. Also, more girls than boys are at risk of poverty.

The main purpose of the present study is to find hidden meanings of sexual sin EXPERIENCES and also to investigating how these meanings are constructed socially. The results of the phenomenological analysis of sexual sin EXPERIENCES among 7 female participants (Iranian/ Shi’a) who had sexual relation with the opposite sex (out of religious/ legal marriage) indicated that sexual sin experience starts from a simple chat and acquaintance with the opposite sex and in a short time leads to courtship and sexual relations. Secondly, before committing the sin and in the first sexual sin experience, the perpetrator EXPERIENCES feeling of resistance against the sin, fear of the sin and difficulty in committing the sin. Thirdly, during the process of committing the sin and as a result of sexual arousal, the perpetrator feels sexual pleasure, emotional enjoyment and a kind of primary pleasure, meanwhile the feeling of guilt turns all these pleasures into torture. Embarrassment, inquietude and fear (the fear of God torment and the sin revealing) are feelings of perpetrator during the process of sin commitment. After committing the sin, a sense of doubt and rethinking about the sin and then, inner pressures and regret appear. These pressures are revealed through unpleasant and strange feelings of inquietude, unfaithfulness, regret, being despised and feeling guilty back of one’s conscience. Feeling guilty back of conscience is the most common feeling which leads to repentance and self-justification to decrease these pressures. To recite the marriage vows, to state having sexual relations with the intention of marriage, and to hope to God’s forgiveness are among common justifications after committing the sexual sin. A last, sexual sin repetition normalizes sin and causes a decrease in guilty feelings, and an increase in sin pleasure, and finally it makes some changes in primary sexual beliefs and values.

 Background: Despite expanded coverage of family planning in Iran, unwanted pregnancy is a common problem. The aim of this study was to explore women’s EXPERIENCES of unwanted pregnancy in Shahroud public health centers.Methods: Purposive Sampling was conducted by means of focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews and by a semi-constructed questionnaire in this qualitative research. Five (FGDs) with 23 women in third trimester in pregnancy and 4 in-depth interviews with women with history of induced abortion were done. The method of Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: Results of the study can be divided into 4 categories: causes of naming pregnancy as an unwanted pregnancy, causes of unwanted pregnancy; husband, family and relatives’ reaction to unwanted pregnancy and the process of acceptance of unwanted pregnancy. Not planning for pregnancy due to physical, emotional and financial non-readiness for pregnancy and believe in two child policy were the main causes of naming pregnancy as unwanted by women. Process of adapting to pregnancy included not accepting pregnancy, trying abortion, accepting fetus and finally negative emotions towards past thoughts about abortion. Fathers and mothers had important roles in acceptance and continuation of pregnancy.Conclusion: Women with unwanted pregnancy face emotional and psychological problems. Health care providers need to support couples to combat this critical period.

Neurotheology is a modern field that seeks to justify religious EXPERIENCES. Neurotheology consist of two main fields: neuroscience and theology. These two fields mixed together and became a new field. Some scientists opposed with Neurotheology and its issues. They utilize neuroscience and prove that religious EXPERIENCES are false and fiction. But other scientists try to prove the reliability of this new field. Although theologians themselves still defend of their views and religious experience. ln this paper, at first we will describe Neurotheology and re ligious EXPERIENCES and then we will disgust whether Neurotheology can prove legitimacy of religious EXPERIENCES or not.

Introduction: Patient safety has long been a major concern for healthcare professionals. Today, hospitals should provide patient safety in order to gain accreditation. Among patient safety issues, medication error rate has been considered as a major indicator of healthcare quality. The different aspects of medication error are not clearly known and the nurses are the main source of knowledge in this field. Therefore, the researcher decided to study the EXPERIENCES of nurses who have been faced with a medication error in order to clarify the various aspects of this phenomenon. It is through the exact identification of this phenomenon that it can be managed.Method: In the present study, a phenomenological qualitative approach was used. Participants in this study were nurses working in hospitals of Isfahan and had experienced medication error. Purposive sampling was adopted in the study and sample size was dependent on the data saturation. A total of 10 participants were chosen. Data collection was carried out through unstructured interviews and analysis through Colaizzi’s Method.Results: From the findings of this study, six main themes expressing participants’ EXPERIENCES emerged. The six main themes include: The context of error, the error range, negligence, the consequence of error, concealment of error, and reporting of error.Conclusion: Nurses report their errors when they feel safe and do not see harmful results for them.Therefore, hospitals should review their policies on error reporting to ensure they actively encourage nurses to report medication errors, and to support a blame-free culture in the organization and a systembased approach to deal with the error.

Background: After organ transplantation, many patients have diverse EXPERIENCES; they face many changes in the physical and emotional aspects of their life. Patients’ understandings of the post-transplantation period influence their adaptation to the changes. There is a need to improving the knowledge of patients’ unique EXPERIENCES of post-transplantation period and the changes occur in their life.Objective: To explore the EXPERIENCES of organ recipients in the post-transplantation period.Methods: In a qualitative research using a hermeneutical phenomenological approach, data were collected from April 2015 to June 2016. Participants were consisted of 15 patients who received organ chosen using a purposive sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews were held with them. The collected data were analyzed using Diekelmann’s hermeneutical analysis approach.Results: The data analyses led to the development of 3 main themes and 17 subthemes as "back from the grave" with the subthemes of "organ as the God’s deposit, " "God as the source of life, " and "new life"; "chapter of prosperity" with the subthemes of "the spring of the body, " "recovery, " "peace and joy, " "benevolent and good behavior, " "renewal, " "opportunity of being together again, " "golden age, " "positive perspective, " "the sense of normality, " "the return of health, " and "spiritual evolution"; and "the fall" with the subthemes of "a lack of energy, " "the mirage of transplantation, " and "hell on the earth." Conclusion: The patients had diverse EXPERIENCES of the post-transplantation period, which varied from the feeling of exhilaration and youth to losing energy and the wish for not undertaking organ transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Half of the 40 million people living with HIV are women and that the number of infected women is increasing. This study aims to describe the EXPERIENCES of women living with HIV to get a deeper understanding of meanings and nature of life with HIV to develop general concepts about it.METHODS: In this qualitative study phenomenological method was used and women living with HIV were interviewed about their living EXPERIENCES. Sampling was purposive and data saturation occurred after 12 participants Data were collected by discussion and conversation, making notes, collecting participants' notes and recording in-depth interviews with them in Isfahan Province. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi's seven-stage method.RESULTS: Most participants were married, had children and were infected by their husbands. From 115 extracted codes, 3 main themes and 9 sub-themes, illustrating the living EXPERIENCES of these women, were found: vulnerabilities (individual characteristic, family and social factors), challenges with the diagnosis (from unawareness and denial to suspiciousness, referring for test, waiting for the results and finding the seropositivity), patient's interactions in day life (family, HIV, supportive systems).CONCLUSION: The women provided several EXPERIENCES including vulnerability to HIV, ignorance about risky situations and how to avoid them, others' reaction to the diagnosis of infection, chaos in family and social relationships, lack of health care services and supporting systems, especially for mothers who had family responsibility. These EXPERIENCES illustrate various aspects of the problem and show the necessity of planning for counseling, supportive and health care services to HIV positive patients without judging them and their disease.

Introduction: Identification of nursing students' initial clinical EXPERIENCES helps instructors and educational planners to acquire a more accurate insight about students' unique EXPERIENCES and to assist them during this journey more effectively. This study aimed to investigate the nursing students’ initial clinical EXPERIENCES.Methods: In this qualitative research, qualitative content analysis performed on 340 narratives and journals of junior nursing students on their daily clinical experience selected using goal oriented sampling method. Narratives and journals were written by 46 (32 female and 14 male) junior students of Fatemeh (PBUH) Nursing and Midwifery School in Shiraz, during October 2008 to February 2009.Results: The initial clinical EXPERIENCES were emerged in 3 themes and 7 categories. The main themes were: Professional socialization (with 3 categories as: professional identity, professional belonging, and learning professional concepts and skills), personal growth (with two categories as: the lesson of life and spiritual growth), and internal reflection (with 2 categories as: satisfaction and intrinsic challenges).Conclusion: The findings reflect the importance of considering students' unique EXPERIENCES; supporting them during professional socialization, empowering their personal growth, enhancing their professional belonging and satisfaction, and preventing the occurrence of intrinsic challenges by preparing them to encounter clinical settings. Reflection on clinical EXPERIENCES through writing journals and narratives and prospective qualitative studies are also recommended.