ENDOCRINE disruptors (EDs) are dangerous chemicals widely used daily and spread in the environment and able to impair male and female fertility by interfering with the ENDOCRINE regulation of reproductive system. ENDOCRINE disruptor is a compound, either natural or synthetic alters the hormonal and homeostatic systems that enable the organism to communicate with and respond to its environment. ENDOCRINE disrupters have been associated with reproductive pathologies such as infertility and gynecological tumors. A number of issues have proven that affects on the consequence of the exposure such as age and latency of exposure. The effect of EDCs is non-dependent dose and even very low exposure may cause ENDOCRINE or reproductive abnormalities particularly if exposure occurs during a critical developmental window. EDCs may affect not only the exposed individual also the children and subsequent generations. Effects may be transmitted not due to mutation of DNA sequence, but rather through modifications to factor that regulate gene expression such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation.Male sexual differentiation is androgen-dependent, whereas female differentiation occurs largely independently of estrogens and androgens. In the male, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, oligospermia, and testicular cancer have been proposed to be linked as the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) arising from disturbed prenatal testicular development. In the female, premature thelarche and ovulatory disorders has been reported in girls exposed to phthalates. The early exposure to BPA produced a lower number of implantation sites in association with a defective uterine environment during the preimplantation period. There are also correlative findings of phthalate levels in plasma and endometriosis recurrent abortion and malformations.Conclusion: ENDOCRINE disruptues are so harmful for the human and future generations and future studies are needed to find the exact effects on the reproductive health and infertility.

Objective: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has become pandemic with a high mortality rate. This study aims to provide new insight into the relations between SARS-CoV-2 and the ENDOCRINE system. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we have hospitalized 60 patients with a positive SARA-CoV-2 PCR test. The information of complete blood count and ENDOCRINE hormones was obtained when the patients were admitted to the hospital or for a maximum of 4 days onset the hospitalization. Results: Of 60 patients with COVID-19, forty-four (73. 33%) had at least one abnormality mean item >×3. In total, 26 (43. 33%), 21 (35%), 18 (30%), 13 (21. 67%), 31 (51. 67%), 12 (20%), 30 (50%), 25 (41. 67%) patients having estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) abnormal test results, respectively. There was no change in creatinine levels. FSH has shown drastic changes in both sexes’ intensity (F: 769, P<0. 0001). Although TSH had many abnormalities in women, analysis has shown no significant P value (P=0. 4558). Furthermore, prolactin and testosterone mean level in men and the estradiol mean level in women have shown no significant P value (P=0. 2077, P=0. 1446, P=0. 1351, respectively). Conclusion: Results suggest that COVID-19 affects directly or non-directly glands and related hormones.

The emergence of ENDOCRINE disease has created significant challenges for healthcare policy-makers and payers across the world. Policy-makers have to ensure availability of drugs used for various endocrinopathies. One way in which this is facilitated is through the World Health Organization (WHO) List of Essential Medicines (LEM). The LEM aims to cover the basic pharmaceutical needs of the majority of people seeking healthcare.

Background Thalassemia is the most common hereditary disorder worldwide. The patient's’ survival is dependent on lifetime blood transfusion which leads to iron overload and its toxicity on various organs including ENDOCRINE glands. The study aimed to investigate ENDOCRINE disorders in patients with Betathalassemia major in the Southern Khorasan province, Iran. Materials and Methods In this descriptive cross sectional study of the 42 patients with beta-thalassemia major blood samples were taken in the fasting to check laboratory tests such as fasting blood sugar, calcium, phosphorous, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ferritin. Data analyzed using SPSS version 16. 0 software. Results Results showed that 85. 7% of patients had ENDOCRINE disorders. The most common ENDOCRINE abnormalities were hypogonadism (71. 4%), hypoparathyroidism (21. 4%), diabetes (14. 3%), and hypothyroidism (7. 2%), respectively. Conclusion Our results concluded that ENDOCRINE evaluation must be carried out regularly in patients with betathalassemia major. Patients who have abnormal ENDOCRINE laboratory results should be reevaluated for compliance with chelation therapy and the transfusion program.